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GI > Anatomy- Upper Tract > Flashcards

Anatomy- Upper Tract Flashcards

1
Q

head

A

oral cavity

pharynx

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2
Q

neck

A

pharynx

oesophagus

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3
Q

chest

A

oseophagus

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4
Q

abdomen

A

stomach
small intestine
large intestine (most)
most accessory organs of GI tract

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5
Q

pelvis

A

rectum

anal canal

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6
Q

perineum

A

anus

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7
Q

functions

A

mastication
taste
deglutition
salivation

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8
Q

mastication

A

process of chewing
conducted by the movement of the jaw and tongue to breakdown food
facilitates taste and digestion by mixing food with saliva

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9
Q

adult dentition

A

32 teeth
all erupted by age 18
4 quadrants

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10
Q

TMJ articulations

A

articular tubercle
mandibular fossa
head of the condylar process

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11
Q

TMJs role

A

movement of opening and closing the jaw

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12
Q

what controls the movement of the TMJs?

A

4 muscles of mastication (3 close, 1 open)

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13
Q

nervous supply of the 4 muscles of mastication

A

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve- CN V3

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14
Q

4 muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
lateral pterygoid (open)
medial pterygoid

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15
Q

cavities of TMJs

A

2 divided by an articular disc
superior cavity for translation
inferior cavity for rotation

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16
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

A

CNV3

sensory and motor fibres

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17
Q

course of CNV3

A

from pons
through foramen ovale
to muscles of mastication and sensory area

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18
Q

posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A

vertical part
in oropharynx
taste and general sensation (CNIX)

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19
Q

anterior 2/3rds of tongue

A

horizontal part
in oral cavity
taste (CNVII)
general sensory (CNV3)

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20
Q

facial nerves

A

special sensory
sensory
motor
parasympathetic

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21
Q

course of facial nerve

A

from pontomedullary junction

travel through temporal bone via internal acoustic meatus then stylomastoid foramen

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22
Q

facial nerve supplys..

A

taste ant. 2/3rds of tongue
muscles of facial expression
glands in floor of mouth

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23
Q

superior half of the oral cavity sensation

A

gingiva of oral cavity and palate

general sensation CN V2

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24
Q

inferior half of the oral cavity sensation

A

gingiva of oral cavity and floor of mouth

general sensation CN V3

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25
Q

gag reflex

A

protective reflex that prevents foreign bodies from entering the pharynx or larynx
to touching the posterior wall of the oropharynx, the pharynx will constrict as the patient attempts to close it off as an entry point to the body

26
Q

sensory part of the gag reflex

A

carried by nerve fibres within CN IX

27
Q

motor part of the gag reflex

A

carried by nerve fibres within CN IX and CN X

28
Q

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

A

CN V2

sensory fibres

29
Q

course of CN V2

A

from pons
through foramen rotundu,
to sensory area (mid face)

30
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A 
CN IX
special sensory
sensory 
motor 
visceral afferent
parasympathetic
31
Q

course of CN IX

A

from medulla
through jugular foramen
to posterior wall of oropharynx (sensory), parotid gland (secrotomotor) and post 1/3rd tongue (sensation and taste)

32
Q

salivary glands

A

3 pairs
parotid
submandibular
sublingual

33
Q

parotid gland

A

crosses face secretes into mouth by upper 2nd molar

34
Q

submandibular gland

A

enters floor of the mouth and secretes via lingual caruncle

35
Q

sublingual gland

A

lays in floor of mouth

secretes via several ducts superiorly

36
Q

duct clogging/blockage

A

can cause swelling due to back up of secretions

37
Q

tongue musculature

A 
suspended in oral cavity by 4 pairs of skeletal muscles
palatoglossus
styloglossus 
genioglossus
hyoglossus
38
Q

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

function to change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech

39
Q

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

located mainly dorsally/posteriorly

modify the shape of the tongue during function

40
Q

what innervates tongue muscles?

A 
CN XII (hypoglossal) 
except palatoglossus
41
Q

hypoglossal nerves

A

CN XII

motor only

42
Q

course of CN XII

A

from medulla
through hypoglossal canal
to extrinsic and intrinsic muscle of tongue (except palatoglossus)

43
Q

the pharynx

A

3 x circular (constrictor)
3 x longitudinal muscles
both layers elevate the pharynx and larynx
- attach to larynx
- contract to shorten pharynx
- raise the larynx to close over the laryngeal inlet

44
Q

innervation of the pharynx

A

outer layer supplied by CN X (vagus)
all insert onto the midline raphe
inner layer supplied mainly by CN X and IX

45
Q

circular muscles of the pharynx

A

constrictor muscles
voluntary muscle
overlap each other and contract sequentially

46
Q

longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

skeletal (voluntary) muscle

inner layer

47
Q

endoscopy

A

used to view inside of the GI tract

ask the patient to swallow as you insert the endoscope

48
Q

swallowing

A

voluntary
- tongue pushes bolus of food towards oropharynx
involuntary
- soft palate elevated, larynx elevated
- cicrular layer of pharyngeal constrictor muscles contracts
- bolus of food enters oesophagus and travels inferiorly by peristalsis

49
Q

what closes the lips to prevent drooling durin swallowing?

A

orbicularis oris and cranial nerve VII

50
Q

oesophagus

A 
inferior continuation of laryngopharynx 
muscular tube (walls sit together when no food is present)
51
Q

where does the oesophagus begin?

A

inferior edge of cricopharyngeus muscle (vertebral level C6)

52
Q

spincters of oesophagus

A

anatomical upper sphincter (cricopharyngeus) and a physiological lower oesophageal sphincter
aid in controlling food movement

53
Q

oesophageal plexus

A

runs on surface to supply smooth muscle within its walls
contains parasympathetic nerve fibres (vagal trunks) and sympathetic nerve fibres
these fibres influence the enteric nervous system to speed up (P) or slow down (S) peristalsis

54
Q

termination of the oesophagus

A

entering the cardia of the stomach

55
Q

cervical constriction of the oesophagus

A

cricopharyngeus muscle

56
Q

thoracic constriction of the oesophagus

A

arch of the aorta

left main bronchus

57
Q

diaphragmatic constriction of the oesophagus

A

result of passing through diaphragm

lower oesophageal sphincter

58
Q

what produces the lower oesophageal sphincter?

A

contraction of diaphragm
intraabdominal pressure slighty higher than intragastric pressure
oblique angle at which the oesophagus enters the cardia of the stomach

59
Q

lower oesophaegal sphincter

A

helps reduce occurence of ‘reflux’
presence of a hiatus hernia will reduce effectiveness which can lead to symptoms of reflux
abrupt changes in type of mucosa lining the wall - Z line

60
Q

stomach location

A

lies mainly in the left hypochondrium, epigastric and umbilical regions

GI (9 decks)

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