Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y1 - Gastrointestinal > Anatomy - Upper GI Tract > Flashcards

Anatomy - Upper GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

At which joints does jaw opening and closing occur?

A

temporomandibular joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which muscles open your jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which muscles close your jaw?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles responsible for mastication?

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What prevents anterior dislocation of the temporomandibular joint?

A

articular tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the course of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

A 
Pons
-->
foramen ovale
-->
muscles of mastication and inferior half or oral cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of nerve fibres does CN V3 have

A

sensory and motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the oral vestibule?

A

gap between the lips and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the oral cavity?

A

from teeth –> oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is the hard palate anterior or posterior?

A

Hard palate (palatine bone) is anterior

Soft palate is posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many teeth is a full set in adults?

A

32

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the 4 quadrants of the dental arches

How many teeth per quadrant?

A

Right upper dental arch
Left upper dental arch
Right lower dental arch
Left lower dental arch

8 teeth (max.) per quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Match each teeth number to its tooth type

A 
1-2 = incisors
3 = canine
4-5 = premolars
6-8 = molars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which teeth are wisdom teeth?

A

tooth 8 in each quadrant

i.e. the furthest back tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define the gingivae

A

the gums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the arches of the soft palate

What sits between them?

A

There is a posterior and anterior arch

Between them (laterally) are the palatine tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the 3 major pairs of salivary glands

Where are they located

A

Parotid = cheeks

Submandibular = under jaw

sublingual = under tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is the saliva transported from gland to oral cavity?

Where is the saliva from each gland released?

A

Transported via salivary ducts

Parotid –> cheeks

Submandibular –> under tongue (medially)

sublingual –> under tongue (spread out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the general sensory innervation of the oral cavity and gingivae

A

Superior half:

  • Superior gingiva, palate, etc.
  • by CN V2

Inferior half:

  • Superior gingiva, tongue, oral cavity floor
  • by CN V3
20
Q

Describe the course of CN V3

A 
pons
-->
foramen rotundum
-->
superior half of the oral cavity, and other nearby places
21
Q

What kind of fibres does CN V2 have?

A

sensory only

22
Q

Describe the gag reflex

What nerves?
Physical reaction?

A

Protective reflex that constricts the pharynx

Sensory = CN IX
Motor = CN IX and X
23
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue

A

Anterior 2/3rds (horizontal):

  • general sensory = CN V3
  • special sensory = CN VII

Posterior 1/3rd (vertical):

  • general sensory = CN IX
  • special sensory = CN IX
24
Q

Describe the course of CN VII

A 
pontomedullary junction
-->
internal acoustic meatus
-->
stylomastoid foramen
-->
anterior 2/3rds of tongue
muscles of facial expression
submandibular gland
25
Q

What kinds of fibres does CN VII have?

A

special sensory (for tongue)
general sensory
motor
parasympathetic (for submandibular gland)

26
Q

Describe the chorda typani

A

branch of CN VII which connects to the lingual branch of CN V3

It carries:

  • Special sensory neurons for the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
  • Parasympathetic neurons for the salivary glands
27
Q

Describe the course of CN IX

A 
Medulla
-->
jugular foramen
-->
posterior wall of oropharynx (sensory)

parotid gland (secretomotor)

posterior 1/3rd Tongue (Sensation and Taste)

28
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the posterior wall of the oropharynx?

A

CN IX

29
Q

List the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

4 pairs:

palatoglossus

styloglossus

hyoglossus

genioglossus

30
Q

What are the functions of the extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Tongue position

mastication, swallowing, speech

31
Q

What are the functions of the extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Tongue shape

32
Q

What nerve innervates the tongue muscles?

A

CN XII (hypoglossal)

except the palatoglossus

33
Q

Describe the course of CN XII

A 
Medulla
-->
hypoglossal canal
-->
extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles (except the palatoglossus)
34
Q

Describe the pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

Form the external layer of muscle

3 slightly overlapping circular sheets:

  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Inferior

Innervated by CN X (vagus)

All insert into the midline raphe (at the posterior midline)

35
Q

Describe the contraction of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

The contract voluntarily

Always contract sequentially

e.g. if the superior starts to contract the others WILL contract (this part is involuntary)

36
Q

Describe the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles

A

form the inner layer of pharyngeal muscle
(i.e. are deep to the pharyngeal constrictors)

Raise the larynx to close over the laryngeal inlet (prevents aspiration)

Innervated by CN X and IX

37
Q

Describe the cricopharyngeus (upper esophageal/cricopharyngeal sphincter)

A

Circular muscle sphincter at the top of the oesophagus

At the level of C6
Divides the pharynx and oesophagus

Usually contracted to prevent reflux

38
Q

List the steps of swallowing

A

1) Lips close to stop drooling
2) Tongue pushes the bolus posteriorly towards the oropharynx. (CN XII)
3) Pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract sequentially (CN X) to push the bolus inferiorly towards the oesophagus
4) at the same time the inner longitudinal pharyngeal muscles (CN IX & X) contract to raising the larynx, shortening the pharynx and closing off the laryngeal inlet, preventing aspiration
5) Bolus passes through the relaxed cricopharyngeus and reaches the oesophagus

39
Q

Name the 2 sphincters of the oesophagus

A

Anatomical:
cricopharyngeal (upper esophageal) sphincter

Physiological:
lower esophageal sphincter

40
Q

Describe the esophageal plexus

A

Runs on oesophageal surface

Supples smooth muscle within its walls (distally)

Contains parasympathetic nerve fibres (vagal trunks) and sympathetic nerve fibres

These fibres influence the enteric nervous system to speed up (P) or slow down(S) peristalsis

Terminates by entering the cardia of the stomach

41
Q

At what level does the oesophagus pass the diaphragm?

A

T 10

42
Q

Describe the lower oesophageal sphincter

A

Is physiological, not anatomical

Is immediately superior to the 
gastroesophageal junction (Z line)

Reduces reflux

Factors for the sphincter:

  • Contraction of diaphragm
  • Intra-abdominal pressure slightly higher than intragastric pressure
  • Oblique angle at which oesophagus enters the cardia of stomach
43
Q

Name the sections of the stomach

A

Fundus - most superior

Cardia - esophageal entrance

Body

Pyloric antrum

44
Q

Describe the gastric rugae

A

Ridges produced by folding of the inner wall of the stomach

45
Q

Describe the pyloric sphincter (pylorus)

A

sphincter at aboral end of stomach

stomach
-->
pylorus
-->
duodenum

Y1 - Gastrointestinal (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions