Anatomy - Liver, Gallbladder, Gastric, Splenic Vasculature (+ Liver structure) Flashcards
Describe the portal triad
Portal vein
hepatic artery
common bile duct
nerves
lymphatics
Functions:
- Supplies blood to liver
- Takes away bile
- Innervates liver
Describe the biliary tree
Bile produced (liver) --> Stored and concentrated (gallbladder) --> 2nd part of the duodenum
Describe the celiac trunk
first anterior branch of the descending aorta
Bifurcates at T12
Supplies the foregut
It is retroperitoneal
Describe the branches of the celiac trunk
Trifurcates into:
- Splenic artery
- Common hepatic artery
- Left gastric artery
Describe the branches of the common hepatic artery
and the branches of the gastroduodenal artery
Common hepatic bifurcates into:
- Right gastric artery
- Gastroduodenal artery
Gastroduodenal artery bifurcates into:
- Right gastro-omental artery
- Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Describe the splenic artery
What does it branch from?
Where does it run?
What does it supply?
Does it branch?
a branch of the celiac trunk
Runs along the superior pancreatic border
Supplies the spleen
Gives rise to the left gastro-omental artery
What region of the abdomen is the spleen in?
What ribs is it deep to?
left hypochondrium
deep to ribs 9-11
rib fracture here can lead to rupture
Describe the anatomical relationship of the following to the spleen:
- diaphragm
- stomach
- splenic flexure
- left kidney
diaphragm = posterior
stomach = anterior
splenic flexure = inferior
left kidney = medial
What is the hematological function of the spleen?
Break down RBCs
producing bilirubin
Describe the blood supply to the stomach
Lesser curvature:
- Right gastric artery
- Left gastric artery
(these anastomose together)
Greater curvature:
- Right gastro-omental artery
- Left gastro-omental artery
(these anastomose together)
Describe the blood supply to the liver
Arterial (25%):
- Right hepatic artery
- Left hepatic artery
Venous (75%)
- Hepatic portal vein
Describe the anatomical relationship of the following to the liver:
- diaphragm
- stomach
- hepatic flexure
- right kidney
- gallbladder
- IVC and abdo aorta
diaphragm = superior, anterior, posterior
stomach = medial
hepatic flexure = inferior
right kidney = posterior
gallbladder = posterior, inferior
IVC and abdo aorta = posterior
What ribs protect the liver?
7-11
on the right hand side
Name the 4 anatomical segments of the liver
Right lobe
Left lobe
Caudate lobe (posterior)
Quadrate lobe (anterior, beside gallbladder)
Describe the 8 functional segments of the liver
Each has its own:
- hepatic venous drainage
- hepatic artery supply
- portal vein supply
- bile drainage
Define a hepatic segmentectomy
The removal of a functional segment of the liver
Why does an increase in central venous pressure cause hepatomegaly?
There are no valves between the liver and right atrium
Describe blood flow to and from the liver
Portal vein and hepatic artery --> liver --> hepatic veins --> IVC
Describe the flow of blood through a hepatic lobule
interlobular portal trial --> hepatic sinusoids --> centrilobular vein
Describe the flow of bile through a hepatic lobule
Hepatocytes --> bile canaliculi --> bile ducts (interlobular portal trial) --> common bile duct
Describe the hepatorenal recess
Peritoneal cavity between the liver and diaphragm
one of the lowest parts of the peritoneal cavity when the patient is supine
Describe the subphrenic recess
Peritoneal cavity between the liver and right kidney
Which veins feed from the:
- foregut
- midgut
- hindgut
foregut = Splenic vein
midgut = Superior mesenteric
hindgut = Inferior mesenteric
Describe the venous drainage to the liver
inferior mesenteric joins the splenic vein
–>
splenic joins the superior mesenteric vein
–>
Portal vein
–>
liver
