Anatomy Topic 2 Case 2 Flashcards
What are the nares?
- Anterior aperture of nasal cavities
What are the choanae?
- Posterior apertures of nasal cavities
How are nasal cavities separated:
[A] From each other
[B] From oral cavity
[C] From cranial cavity
- [A] Midline septum
- [B] Hard palate
- [C] Frontal, Ethmoid and Sphenoid Bones
What are conchae and how are they arranged?
- Curves shelves of bone
- Which sit above one another
- Project medially and inferiorly
What is the role of the conchae?
- Increase surface area of contact between tissues
Which air channel occurs between the superior conchae and nasal roof?
- Spheno-ethmoidal recess
What is the function of the nasolacrimal duct?
- Drains tears from the eye into the nasal cavity
What is the function of the vestibular region?
- Contains hairs known as vibrissae
- Filters air by trapping large particles
What is the function of the respiratory region?
- Conchae increase surface area
- Goblet cells secrete mucus which trap small particles
What is the function of the olfactory region?
- Cilia which move mucus to be swallowed
- Olfactory receptors to detect odours
Which cranial nerve is responsible for olfaction?
- Olfactory Nerve
Which cranial nerve is responsible for general sensation of the nose?
- Trigeminal Nerve
- Anterior region by ophthalmic branch
- Posterior by maxillary branch
Which arteries supply the nose?
- Maxillary and facial artereis
- Which are branches of the carotid artery
Identify the three unpaired bones that contribute to the skeletal framework of the nose.
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Vomer
Identify the four paired bones that contribute to the skeletal framework of the nose.
- Nasal
- Maxillary
- Platine
- Lacrimal
The posterior ethmoidal cells open onto which nasal meatus?
- Superior nasal meatus
The frontal sinuses open onto which nasal meatus?
- Middle nasal meatus
- Via the frontonasal duct
The maxillary sinuses open onto which nasal meatus?
- Middle nasal meatus
The inferior nasal meatus drains which duct?
- Nasolacrimal Duct
The spheno-ethmoidal recess drains which nasal sinus?
- Sphenoid Sinus
What is the clinical significance of the sphenoid sinuses?
- Pituitary gland can be surgically approached via the sphenoid sinuses
Identify five roles of paranasal sinuses
- Decreasing relative weight of the front of the skull
- Providing a buffer against blows to the face
- Insulating sensitive structures e.g. dental roots and eyes
- Humidifying and heating inhaled air due to slow air turnover
- Increasing resonance of voice
Which nerve innervates the paranasal sinuses?
- Trigeminal nerve
Identify the two roles of the larynx?
- Sphincter to close respiratory tract
- Instrument to produce sound