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Anatomy > Anatomy thorax > Flashcards

Anatomy thorax Flashcards

1
Q

vertebral level at Xiphoid process

A

T9

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2
Q

vertebral level at Sternal angle of Louie

A

T4

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3
Q

Structures in the thorax associated with Sternal angle of Louie

A

Bifurcation of bronchi, Arch of aorta, Azygous vein draining into SVC

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4
Q

True ribs

A

1st to 7th

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5
Q

False ribs

A

8th to 12th

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6
Q

Floating ribs

A

11th and 12th

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7
Q

Muscle that attaches superiorly to 1st rib

A

Scaleneus

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8
Q

Muscle that attaches on the lateral aspect of the 2nd rib

A

Serratus anterior

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9
Q

Ribs with no neck or tubercle

A

Ribs 11 and 12

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10
Q

Weakest point of rib

A

Point anterior to the angle of the rib

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11
Q

In thoracic outlet syndrome, which part of the brachial plexus is most likely to be injured?

A

Lower trunk

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12
Q

In thoracic outlet syndrome, vessels that are most likely to be compressed?

A

Subclavian artery

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13
Q

Mediastinum divisions

A

Superior, Anterior, Middle, Posterior

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14
Q

Mediastinal division containing thymus gland

A

Anterior mediastinum

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15
Q

Mediastinal division containing the pericardium

A

Middle mediastinum

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16
Q

Mediastinal division that contains phrenic nerve

A

Middle mediastinum

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17
Q

Layers of pericardium

A

Fibrous and serous

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18
Q

Layers of serous pericardium

A

Parietal and visceral

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19
Q

Volum capacity of pericardial cavity

A

30 ml

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20
Q

Site of needle insertion for pericardiocentesis

A

Left xiphocostal angle

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21
Q

Distension of neck veins on inspiration is what sign?

A

Kussmaul’s sign

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22
Q

S1 indicates closure of which heart valves?

A

Mitral and tricuspid

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23
Q

S2 indicates closure of which heart valves?

A

Aortic and pulmonary

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24
Q

Branches of right coronary artery

A

Right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery (aka right post. Descending)

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25
Q

Branches of left coronary artery

A

Anterior interventricular (aka LAD), Circumflex artery

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26
Q

Veins that drain into the coronary sinus

A

Great cardiac, small cardiac, middle cardiac

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27
Q

Veins that drain directly into right atrium

A

Anterior cardiac vein, venae cordis minimae

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28
Q

Vein paired with right marginal artery

A

Small cardiac vein

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29
Q

Vein paired with Ant. Interventricular artery and left circumflex

A

Great cardiac vein

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30
Q

Vein paired with Post. Interventricular artery

A

Middle cardiac vein

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31
Q

Left atrium and ventricle is supplied by which artery?

A

Circumflex branch from LCA

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32
Q

Septum and apex of heart is supplied by which artery?

A

Anterior interventricular (aka LAD) from LCA

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33
Q

Right ventricle supplied by which artery?

A

Anterior interventricular (aka LAD) from LCA, and Marginal branch of RCA

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34
Q

Right atrium supplied by which artery?

A

Atrial branch of RCA

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35
Q

SA node is supplied by which artery?

A

SA nodal branch, from atrial branch, from RCA

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36
Q

Most common site of occlusion in MI

A

Anterior interventricular from LCA (aka LAD)

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37
Q

Coronary atherosclerosis accumulates in which layer of the artery?

A

Tunica intima

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38
Q

Dermatomes referred to in substernal pain of MI

A

T1-T5

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39
Q

Remnant of foramen ovale in the atrial septum

A

fossa ovalis

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40
Q

Most anterior chamber of the heart

A

Right ventricle

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41
Q

Most posterior chamber of the heart

A

Left atrium

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42
Q

Truncus arteriosus becomes which structure/s in the adult?

A

Aorta and pulmonary trunk

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43
Q

The bulbus cordis becomes which structure/s in the adult?

A

Right ventricle

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44
Q

The embryonic ventricle becomes which structure/s in the adult?

A

Left ventricle

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45
Q

The embryonic atrium becomes which structure/s in the adult?

A

Left atrium

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46
Q

The sinus venosum becomes which structure/s in the adult?

A

Right atrium (from the right horn) and coronary sinus (from the left horn)

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47
Q

Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease in newborn?

A

TGA

48
Q

Most common type of congenital heart defect?

A

VSD

49
Q

Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease seen in children beyond infancy?

A

TOF

50
Q

In fetal circulation: Transports blood from placenta to fetus

A

umbilical vein

51
Q

In fetal circulation: Bridging vessel from umbilical vein to IVC

A

Ductus venosus

52
Q

In the fetus, umbilical arteries emanate from?

A

Internal iliac arteries

53
Q

Vessels that transport blood from fetus to placenta?

A

Umbilical arteries

54
Q

In fetal circulation, what is the flow of blood from right atrium

A

Right atrium, foramen ovale, left ventricle, aorta

55
Q

In the adult, the umbilical vein becomes which structure?

A

Ligamentum teres

56
Q

In the adult, the ductus venosus becomes which structure?

A

Ligamentum venosum

57
Q

In the adult, the umbilical arteries becomes which structure?

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

58
Q

The ductus arteriosus closes anatomically by what time period?

A

3-4 weeks after birth

59
Q

The ductus arteriosus closes functionally by what time period?

A

few hours after birth

60
Q

Time period of anatomic closure of foramen ovale?

A

3rd month of life

61
Q

Infectious risk factor for PDA

A

Rubella in early pregnancy

62
Q

Point of needle entry for thoracentesis

A

8th - 10th ICS, superior to the rib, midaxillary line

63
Q

Visceral pleura is derived from what embryonic structure?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

64
Q

Parietal pleura is derived from what embryonic structure?

A

Somatic mesoderm

65
Q

Lobes of the left lung

A

Upper and lower lobe

66
Q

Lobes of the right lung

A

upper, middle and lower lobe

67
Q

Fissure/s of left lung

A

Oblique fissure only

68
Q

Fissure/s of right lung

A

Oblique and horizontal fissure

69
Q

Which lobe is considered the eparterial bronchus?

A

Right superior lobar bronchus

70
Q

Segments of upper lobe of left lung (4)

A

(1) Apico-posterior, (2) anterior, (3) superior lingular, (4) inferior lingular

71
Q

Segments of lower lobe of left lung (5)

A

(5) Superior, (6) Anterior basal, (7) Medial basal, (8) Lateral basal, (9) Posterior basal

72
Q

Segments of upper lobe of right lung (3)

A

(1) Apical, (2) Posterior, (3) Anterior

73
Q

Segments of middle lobe of right lung (2)

A

(4) Medial and (5) Lateral

74
Q

Segments of lower lobe of right lung (5)

A

(6) Superior, (7) Anterior basal, (8) Medial basal, (9) Lateral basal, (10) Posterior basal

75
Q

Respiratory epithelium ands at which level of the bronchopulmonary tree?

A

Bronchioles

76
Q

Epithelial lining at the level of the terminal bronchioles

A

Simple columnar

77
Q

Epithelial lining at the level of the respiratory bronchioles

A

Simpe cuboidal

78
Q

Type I lung cells are made up of what kind epithelial cells?

A

simple squamous

79
Q

Type II lung cells are made up of what kind of epithelial cells?

A

cuboidal

80
Q

In foreign body aspiration on sitting/standing position, which bronchopulmonary segment is most likely affected?

A

Posterior basal segment of right lower lobe

81
Q

A child was lying supine when she accidentally aspirated a foreign object. Which is the most likely affected broncho-pulmonary segment?

A

Superior broncho-pulmonary segment of the right lower lobe

82
Q

Child was lying on the RIGHT side when he accidentally aspirated a foreign object. Which is the most likely affected broncho-pulmonary segment?

A

Posterior basal segment of right lower lobe

83
Q

Child was lying on the LEFT side when he accidentally aspirated a foreign object. Which is the most likely affected broncho-pulmonary segment?

A

Inferior lingular segment of left upper lobe

84
Q

Most commonly affected bronchopulmonary segment/s in aspiration pneumonia

A

Superior segments of lower lobes

85
Q

Which arteries supply the lung?

A

Pulmonary arteries, Bronchial arteries

86
Q

Bronchial arteries come from which artery?

A

Descending aorta

87
Q

Bronchial veins drain into? (2)

A

Azygous and hemiazygous veins

88
Q

Lymph node group located at hilum of the lung?

A

Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

89
Q

Sequence of lymph drainage from the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

A

Bronchopulmonary LN –> Inf. And Sup. Tracheobronchial LN –> Paratracheal LN –> Bronchomediastinal trunk –> lymphatic duct (R)/ Thoracic duct (L)

90
Q

1st and 2nd posterior intercostal arteries supplied by which artery?

A

Superior intercostal from costocervical trunk, from subclavian artery

91
Q

3rd posterior intercostal arteries onwards caudally are supplied by which arteries?

A

Descending aorta

92
Q

1st-6th Anterior intercostal arteries are supplied by?

A

Internal thoracic artery

93
Q

7th anterior intercostal arteries onwards caudally are supplied by?

A

Musculophrenic artery

94
Q

Internal thoracic artery comes from?

A

Subclavian artery

95
Q

Internal thoracic artery continues in the anterior abdomen as what vessel?

A

Superior epigastric artery

96
Q

From inferior to superior, contents of intercostal space

A

Vein, artery, nerve (VAN)

97
Q

Type of coarctation of aorta with poor prognosis

A

Preductal coarctation of the aorta

98
Q

The sigmoid sinus continues inferiorly in the neck as which vessel?

A

Internal jugular

99
Q

Tributaries of the internal jugular vein

A

Inferior petrosal sinus, Facial, Pharyngeal, Lingual, Superior and middle thyroid veins

100
Q

IJV and Subclavian vein drain into which vein?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

101
Q

The left and right Brachiocephalic vein unite to drain into?

A

SVC

102
Q

At what level does the SVC drain into the right atrium?

A

3rd right subcostal cartilage

103
Q

What causes nipple inversion in breast CA?

A

Contraction of lactiferous ducts

104
Q

Most common quadrant affected in breast CA?

A

Upper outer quadrant

105
Q

ligament from dermis to pectoral fascia, supporting the breast

A

Cooper’s ligament

106
Q

What breast structure is affected in Peau d’orange?

A

lymphatic drainage

107
Q

What breast structure is affected in dimpling of the breast?

A

Shortening of Cooper’s ligament

108
Q

Blood supply of breast

A

Internal thoracic artery, Lateral thoracic, Posterior intercostal

109
Q

Lymphatics of the nipple and lateral quadrants of the breast drain into?

A

Axillary LN

110
Q

Lymphatics of the Medial quadrants of the breast drain into?

A

Parasternal LN

111
Q

Nerve supply of breast?

A

4th to 6th intercostal nerves

112
Q

Motor innrvation of the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

113
Q

Nerve roots of phrenic nerve

A

C3, C4, C5

114
Q

Sensory innervation of diaphragm, central part

A

Phrenic nerve

115
Q

Sensory innervation of diaphragm, peripheral part

A

Intercostal nerves

116
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains which parts of the body?

A

Right side of the body above the diaphragm

Anatomy (5 decks)

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