Anatomy thorax Flashcards
1
Q
vertebral level at Xiphoid process
A
T9
2
Q
vertebral level at Sternal angle of Louie
A
T4
3
Q
Structures in the thorax associated with Sternal angle of Louie
A
Bifurcation of bronchi, Arch of aorta, Azygous vein draining into SVC
4
Q
True ribs
A
1st to 7th
5
Q
False ribs
A
8th to 12th
6
Q
Floating ribs
A
11th and 12th
7
Q
Muscle that attaches superiorly to 1st rib
A
Scaleneus
8
Q
Muscle that attaches on the lateral aspect of the 2nd rib
A
Serratus anterior
9
Q
Ribs with no neck or tubercle
A
Ribs 11 and 12
10
Q
Weakest point of rib
A
Point anterior to the angle of the rib
11
Q
In thoracic outlet syndrome, which part of the brachial plexus is most likely to be injured?
A
Lower trunk
12
Q
In thoracic outlet syndrome, vessels that are most likely to be compressed?
A
Subclavian artery
13
Q
Mediastinum divisions
A
Superior, Anterior, Middle, Posterior
14
Q
Mediastinal division containing thymus gland
A
Anterior mediastinum
15
Q
Mediastinal division containing the pericardium
A
Middle mediastinum
16
Q
Mediastinal division that contains phrenic nerve
A
Middle mediastinum
17
Q
Layers of pericardium
A
Fibrous and serous
18
Q
Layers of serous pericardium
A
Parietal and visceral
19
Q
Volum capacity of pericardial cavity
A
30 ml
20
Q
Site of needle insertion for pericardiocentesis
A
Left xiphocostal angle
21
Q
Distension of neck veins on inspiration is what sign?
A
Kussmaul’s sign
22
Q
S1 indicates closure of which heart valves?
A
Mitral and tricuspid
23
Q
S2 indicates closure of which heart valves?
A
Aortic and pulmonary
24
Q
Branches of right coronary artery
A
Right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery (aka right post. Descending)
25
Branches of left coronary artery
Anterior interventricular (aka LAD), Circumflex artery
26
Veins that drain into the coronary sinus
Great cardiac, small cardiac, middle cardiac
27
Veins that drain directly into right atrium
Anterior cardiac vein, venae cordis minimae
28
Vein paired with right marginal artery
Small cardiac vein
29
Vein paired with Ant. Interventricular artery and left circumflex
Great cardiac vein
30
Vein paired with Post. Interventricular artery
Middle cardiac vein
31
Left atrium and ventricle is supplied by which artery?
Circumflex branch from LCA
32
Septum and apex of heart is supplied by which artery?
Anterior interventricular (aka LAD) from LCA
33
Right ventricle supplied by which artery?
Anterior interventricular (aka LAD) from LCA, and Marginal branch of RCA
34
Right atrium supplied by which artery?
Atrial branch of RCA
35
SA node is supplied by which artery?
SA nodal branch, from atrial branch, from RCA
36
Most common site of occlusion in MI
Anterior interventricular from LCA (aka LAD)
37
Coronary atherosclerosis accumulates in which layer of the artery?
Tunica intima
38
Dermatomes referred to in substernal pain of MI
T1-T5
39
Remnant of foramen ovale in the atrial septum
fossa ovalis
40
Most anterior chamber of the heart
Right ventricle
41
Most posterior chamber of the heart
Left atrium
42
Truncus arteriosus becomes which structure/s in the adult?
Aorta and pulmonary trunk
43
The bulbus cordis becomes which structure/s in the adult?
Right ventricle
44
The embryonic ventricle becomes which structure/s in the adult?
Left ventricle
45
The embryonic atrium becomes which structure/s in the adult?
Left atrium
46
The sinus venosum becomes which structure/s in the adult?
Right atrium (from the right horn) and coronary sinus (from the left horn)
47
Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease in newborn?
TGA
48
Most common type of congenital heart defect?
VSD
49
Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease seen in children beyond infancy?
TOF
50
In fetal circulation: Transports blood from placenta to fetus
umbilical vein
51
In fetal circulation: Bridging vessel from umbilical vein to IVC
Ductus venosus
52
In the fetus, umbilical arteries emanate from?
Internal iliac arteries
53
Vessels that transport blood from fetus to placenta?
Umbilical arteries
54
In fetal circulation, what is the flow of blood from right atrium
Right atrium, foramen ovale, left ventricle, aorta
55
In the adult, the umbilical vein becomes which structure?
Ligamentum teres
56
In the adult, the ductus venosus becomes which structure?
Ligamentum venosum
57
In the adult, the umbilical arteries becomes which structure?
Medial umbilical ligaments
58
The ductus arteriosus closes anatomically by what time period?
3-4 weeks after birth
59
The ductus arteriosus closes functionally by what time period?
few hours after birth
60
Time period of anatomic closure of foramen ovale?
3rd month of life
61
Infectious risk factor for PDA
Rubella in early pregnancy
62
Point of needle entry for thoracentesis
8th - 10th ICS, superior to the rib, midaxillary line
63
Visceral pleura is derived from what embryonic structure?
Splanchnic mesoderm
64
Parietal pleura is derived from what embryonic structure?
Somatic mesoderm
65
Lobes of the left lung
Upper and lower lobe
66
Lobes of the right lung
upper, middle and lower lobe
67
Fissure/s of left lung
Oblique fissure only
68
Fissure/s of right lung
Oblique and horizontal fissure
69
Which lobe is considered the eparterial bronchus?
Right superior lobar bronchus
70
Segments of upper lobe of left lung (4)
(1) Apico-posterior, (2) anterior, (3) superior lingular, (4) inferior lingular
71
Segments of lower lobe of left lung (5)
(5) Superior, (6) Anterior basal, (7) Medial basal, (8) Lateral basal, (9) Posterior basal
72
Segments of upper lobe of right lung (3)
(1) Apical, (2) Posterior, (3) Anterior
73
Segments of middle lobe of right lung (2)
(4) Medial and (5) Lateral
74
Segments of lower lobe of right lung (5)
(6) Superior, (7) Anterior basal, (8) Medial basal, (9) Lateral basal, (10) Posterior basal
75
Respiratory epithelium ands at which level of the bronchopulmonary tree?
Bronchioles
76
Epithelial lining at the level of the terminal bronchioles
Simple columnar
77
Epithelial lining at the level of the respiratory bronchioles
Simpe cuboidal
78
Type I lung cells are made up of what kind epithelial cells?
simple squamous
79
Type II lung cells are made up of what kind of epithelial cells?
cuboidal
80
In foreign body aspiration on sitting/standing position, which bronchopulmonary segment is most likely affected?
Posterior basal segment of right lower lobe
81
A child was lying supine when she accidentally aspirated a foreign object. Which is the most likely affected broncho-pulmonary segment?
Superior broncho-pulmonary segment of the right lower lobe
82
Child was lying on the RIGHT side when he accidentally aspirated a foreign object. Which is the most likely affected broncho-pulmonary segment?
Posterior basal segment of right lower lobe
83
Child was lying on the LEFT side when he accidentally aspirated a foreign object. Which is the most likely affected broncho-pulmonary segment?
Inferior lingular segment of left upper lobe
84
Most commonly affected bronchopulmonary segment/s in aspiration pneumonia
Superior segments of lower lobes
85
Which arteries supply the lung?
Pulmonary arteries, Bronchial arteries
86
Bronchial arteries come from which artery?
Descending aorta
87
Bronchial veins drain into? (2)
Azygous and hemiazygous veins
88
Lymph node group located at hilum of the lung?
Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
89
Sequence of lymph drainage from the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
Bronchopulmonary LN --> Inf. And Sup. Tracheobronchial LN --> Paratracheal LN --> Bronchomediastinal trunk --> lymphatic duct (R)/ Thoracic duct (L)
90
1st and 2nd posterior intercostal arteries supplied by which artery?
Superior intercostal from costocervical trunk, from subclavian artery
91
3rd posterior intercostal arteries onwards caudally are supplied by which arteries?
Descending aorta
92
1st-6th Anterior intercostal arteries are supplied by?
Internal thoracic artery
93
7th anterior intercostal arteries onwards caudally are supplied by?
Musculophrenic artery
94
Internal thoracic artery comes from?
Subclavian artery
95
Internal thoracic artery continues in the anterior abdomen as what vessel?
Superior epigastric artery
96
From inferior to superior, contents of intercostal space
Vein, artery, nerve (VAN)
97
Type of coarctation of aorta with poor prognosis
Preductal coarctation of the aorta
98
The sigmoid sinus continues inferiorly in the neck as which vessel?
Internal jugular
99
Tributaries of the internal jugular vein
Inferior petrosal sinus, Facial, Pharyngeal, Lingual, Superior and middle thyroid veins
100
IJV and Subclavian vein drain into which vein?
Brachiocephalic vein
101
The left and right Brachiocephalic vein unite to drain into?
SVC
102
At what level does the SVC drain into the right atrium?
3rd right subcostal cartilage
103
What causes nipple inversion in breast CA?
Contraction of lactiferous ducts
104
Most common quadrant affected in breast CA?
Upper outer quadrant
105
ligament from dermis to pectoral fascia, supporting the breast
Cooper's ligament
106
What breast structure is affected in Peau d'orange?
lymphatic drainage
107
What breast structure is affected in dimpling of the breast?
Shortening of Cooper's ligament
108
Blood supply of breast
Internal thoracic artery, Lateral thoracic, Posterior intercostal
109
Lymphatics of the nipple and lateral quadrants of the breast drain into?
Axillary LN
110
Lymphatics of the Medial quadrants of the breast drain into?
Parasternal LN
111
Nerve supply of breast?
4th to 6th intercostal nerves
112
Motor innrvation of the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve
113
Nerve roots of phrenic nerve
C3, C4, C5
114
Sensory innervation of diaphragm, central part
Phrenic nerve
115
Sensory innervation of diaphragm, peripheral part
Intercostal nerves
116
The right lymphatic duct drains which parts of the body?
Right side of the body above the diaphragm
