Anatomy neuro spine and back Flashcards
1
Q
Fracture of the skull at the pterion will cause laceration of?
A
Middle meningeal artery
2
Q
Laceration of the middle meningeal artery will cause what kind of hematoma
A
Epidural
3
Q
Anosmia, periorbital bruising, and rhinorrhea is indicative of fracture of?
A
Anterior cranial fossa
4
Q
Blood or CSF leaking from the ear is indicative of fracture of?
A
Petrous portion of the temporal bone
5
Q
Horizontal fx superior to maxillary alveolar process is?
A
Le Fort I
6
Q
Horizontal fx passing through superior orbital fissures, ethmoid, extending to greater wing of sphenoid?
A
Le Fort III
7
Q
Fracture of central part of face, with separation from cranium
A
Le Fort II
8
Q
Layers of the Scalp
A
Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose connective tissue, Periosteum
9
Q
Layer of the scalp with emissary veins
A
Loose connective tissue
10
Q
Layer of the scalp with tendinous sheath
A
Aponeurosis
11
Q
Premature closure of saggital suture?
A
Scaphocephaly
12
Q
Premature closure of coronal suture?
A
Acrocephaly / Oxycephaly
13
Q
Preamature closure of lambdoid and coronal suture on only one side?
A
Plagiocephaly
14
Q
Forebrain is also called
A
Prosencephalon
15
Q
Midbrain is also called
A
Mesencephalon
16
Q
Hindbrain is also called
A
Rhombocencephalon
17
Q
Prosencephalon divides into which strucutres?
A
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
18
Q
Rhombencephalon divides into which structures?
A
Metencephalon and Myelencephalon
19
Q
Mesencephalon divides into which structures?
A
None, it remains the same
20
Q
The cerebral hemisphere is homologous to which embryonal secondary vesicle?
A
Telencephalon
21
Q
Telencephalon becomes?
A
Cerebral hemisphere
22
Q
The Thalamus is homologous to which embryonal secondary vesicle?
A
Diencephalon
23
Q
Diencephalon becomes?
A
Thalamus
24
Q
Mesencephalon becomes?
A
Midbrain
25
The midbrain is derived from which embryonal secondary vesicle?
Mesencephalon
26
The pons is homologous to which embryonal secondary vesicle?
Metencephalon
27
Metencephalon becomes?
Pond and cerebellum
28
The cerebellum is derived from which embryonal secondary vesicle?
Metencephalon
29
The Medulla is homologous to which embryonal secondary vesicle?
Myelencephalon
30
Myelencephalon becomes?
Medulla
31
The Telencephalon forms which ventricle?
Lateral
32
The Diencephalon forms which cavity?
3rd ventricle
33
The Mesencephalon forms which cavity?
Aqueduct
34
The metencephalon forms which cavity?
Upper part of 4th ventricle
35
The myelencephalon forms which cavity?
Lower part of 4th ventricle
36
The CNS is derived from which embryonal structure?
Neural tube
37
The PNS is derived from which embryonal structure?
Neural crest
38
Sensory ganglia of cranial and spinal nerves are derived from?
Neural crest
39
Neurolemmal sheat is derived from?
Neural crest
40
Meninges are derived from?
Neural crest
41
Retinal pigment cells are derived from?
Neural crest
42
Adrenal medulla is derived from?
Neural crest
43
Dosing of folic acid
400mg/day
44
When should folic acid be started in a woman planning to get pregnant?
3 months prior to conception
45
Supratentorial cranial nerves
CN I and II
46
Infratentorial cranial nerves
CN III - XII
47
3 Menigeal layers
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater
48
Layers of the Dura mater
Endosteal and meningea layer
49
4 invagination of the meningeal layer of the dura mater
falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sella
50
Fold of dura mater that forms the roof of the Sella turcica?
Diaphragma celli
51
Midline fold of dura mater
Falx cerebri
52
Fold of dura mater supporting occipital lobes and covers the upper surface of the cerebellum
Tentorium cerebelli
53
Fold of dura that goes between cerebellar hemispheres
Falx cerebelli
54
Supratentorial dura sensory innervation
Trigeminal nerve
55
Infratentorial dura sensory innervation
1st 3 cervical nerves
56
Supratentorial headache referred to
forehead and face
57
Infratentorial headache referred to
back of the head and neck
58
Primary motor area of the brain. B.A?
pre-central gyrus, BA 4
59
Primary somatosensory area of the brain, BA?
post-central gyrus, BA 1,2,3
60
Primary visual area, BA?
BA 17
61
Primary auditory area, BA?
BA 41,42
62
Broca's area, BA?
inferior central gyrus. BA 44, 45
63
Wernicke's area, BA?
superior temporal gyrus, BA 22
64
Aphasia if Broca's area is affected
Motor aphasia - expressive
65
Aphasia if Wernicke's area is affected
Sensory aphasia - receptive
66
Decussation of corticospinal tract
Lower medulla
67
UMNL or LMNL? Spastic paralysis
UMNL
68
UMNL or LMNL? Flaccid paralysis
LMNL
69
UMNL or LMNL? Atrophy
LMNL
70
UMNL or LMNL? Fasciculations
LMNL
71
UMNL or LMNL? Clonus
UMNL
72
UMNL or LMNL? Pathologic reflexes (Babinski)
UMNL
73
UMNL or LMNL? Increased muscle tone
UMNL
74
UMNL or LMNL? Decreased muscle tone
LMNL
75
Cerebellar lobe that coordinates movement of the limbs while they are being executed
Anterior lobe
76
Cerebellar lobe that regulates muscle tone
Anterior lobe
77
Cerebellar lobe that regulates equilibrium and coordination of paraaxial muscles
Flocculonodular lobe
78
Cerebellar lobe that regulates coordination of voluntary movements
Posterior lobe
79
Ataxia, intention tremor. Which lobe of cerebellum is affected?
Anterior lobe
80
Dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia. Which lobe of cerebellum is affected?
Anterior lobe
81
Patient with marked gait instability. Which lobe of cerebellum is affected?
Posterior lobe
82
Patient cannot do heel-to-shin. Which lobe of cerebellum is affected?
Posterior lobe
83
Px with truncal ataxia
Flocculonodular lobe
84
Tactile agnosia. Lesion?
Supramarginal gyrus
85
Patient hears but cannot understand. What kind of aphasia?
Wernicke's
86
Patient knows what he wants to say but finds difficulty in saying it. What kind of aphasia?
Broca's
87
Flow of CSF
Lateral ventricle - Monroe - 3rd ventricle - Sylvius - 4th vent. - Magendie and Luschka - Subarachnoid space - arachnoid villi - superior sagittal sinus - transverse sinus - sigmoid sinus - internal jugular vein
88
Rate of production of CSF
0.5ml/min
89
Pressure of CSF
60-150mm water
90
total volume of CSF
130-150ml
91
Protein level of CSF
15-45 mg/dl
92
Glucose level of CSF
50-85 mg/dl
93
Level of lumbar tap
L3-L4 or L4-L5
94
Hallmark of bacterial meningitis in CSF
>500-1000 WBC (PMN), low glucose
95
CSF parameters in viral meningitis
96
Components of Corpus striatum of basal ganglia
Caudate nucleus and lentifor nuclei (composed of putamen and globus pallidus)
97
Components of striatum of basal ganglia
Caudate nucleus + Putamen
98
Parkinson's disease is caused by degeneration of what part of the basal ganglia?
Substantia nigra
99
The striatum releases what neurotransmitter?
Ach
100
This is depleted in Parkinson's disease
Dopamine
101
Hemiballismus results from damage to?
Contralateral subthalamic nucleus
102
Purely sensory Cranial nerves
CN 1, 2, 8
103
Mixed sensory and motor cranial nerves
CN 10, 9, 7, 5 (mnemonic: 1975)
104
Purely motor cranial nerves
CN 3, 4, 6, 11, 12
105
Cranial nerves that come from Midbrain
CN 3, 4
106
Cranial nerves that come from Pons
CN 5, 6, 7, 8
107
Cranial nerves that come from Medulla
CN 9, 10, 11, 12
108
Medially located cranial nerves
CN 3, 6, 12
109
Artery affected in Wallenburg syndrome?
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
110
Cranial nerves affected in Wallenberg syndrome?
CN 9,10,11
111
CN that exits optic canal
CN 2
112
CN that exits SOF
CN 3, 4, 6, 5 (V1)
113
CN that exits foramen ovale
CN 5 (V3)
114
CN that exits foramen rotundum
CN 5 (V2)
115
CN that exits jugular foramen
CN 9, 10, 11
116
CN that exits Hypoglossal canal
CN 12
117
CN that exits Internal acoustic meatus
CN 7, 8
118
CN that exits foramen magnum
CN 11
119
Exit of CN 1
Cribriform plate
120
Exit of CN 2
Optic canal
121
Exit of CN 3
SOF
122
Exit of CN 4
SOF
123
Exit of CN 5 (V1)
SOF
124
Exit of CN 5 (V2)
Foramen rotundum
125
Exit of CN 5 (V3)
Foramen ovale
126
Exit of CN 6
SOF
127
Exit of CN 7
Internal acoustic meatus
128
Exit of CN 8
Internal acoustic meatus
129
Exit of CN 9
Jugular foramne
130
Exit of CN 10
Jugular foramen
131
Exit of CN 11
Enters through foramen magnum from spinal roots and exit through jugular foramen
132
Exit of CN 12
Hypoglossal canal
133
Innervation of muscles of mastication
CN V (V3)
134
Nerve for general sensation of ant. 2/3 of tongue
CN V (V3)
135
Innervation for sensation of taste ant. 2/3 of tongue
CN 7
136
General and taste sensation post. 1/3 of tongue
CN 9
137
Tongue muscle not innerveted by CN 12
Palatoglossus CN 10
138
Lacrimal gland secretions innervated by
CN 7
139
Parotid gland secretions innervated by
CN 9
140
Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands innervated by
CN 7
141
Vertebra with no vertebral body
Atlas (C1)
142
Special structure in C2
Odontoid process
143
Shape of body of typical thoracic vertebra
heart shape
144
Shape of body of typical lumbar vertebra
kidney shaped
145
Cavernous sinus thrombosis will affect which cranial nerves
CN 2, 3, 4, 5 (V1 and V2)
146
Spinal cord ends at what level at birth?
L3
147
Spinal cord ends at what level at 6 months AOG
S1
148
Spinal cord ends at what level in adult
L1
149
Most common site of Berry anerysms
Ant communicationg artery
150
Position sense, which spinal tract?
Dorsal, posterior column
151
Tract for 2pt discrimination
Dorsal column
152
Most lateral region of dorsal column? (Cervical or sacral?)
Cervical
153
Fine touch, which spinal tract?
Dorsal column
154
Vibratory sense, which spinal tract?
Dorsal column
155
Stereognosis, which spinal tract?
Dorsal column
156
pain and temperature, which spinal tract?
Dorsal column
157
Decussation of posterior column
Medulla
158
Decussation of spinothalamic tract?
2 spinal nerve segments above the point of entry
159
Spinothalamic tract goes through what region of the spinal cord in decussation?
Anterior white comissure
160
Most lateral region of spinothalamic tract? (Cervical or sacral?)
Sacral
161
Most lateral region of Corticospinal tract? (Cervical or sacral?)
Sacral
162
Dorsal column components
Gracilis cuneatus and Gracilis fasciculus
163
Gracile fasciculus contains fibers from which regions of the body?
cervical and thoracic regions
164
Cuneatus fasciculus contains fibers from which regions of the body?
lumbar and sacral regions
165
Structures punctures in lumbar puncture (in order)
Skin, superficial fascia, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space, dura mater, arachnoid, subarachnoid space
166
Nerve root that comes out of C3-C4 foramina
C4
167
Nerve root that comes from C7-T1 foramina
C8
168
Nerve root that comes from L1-L2 foramina
L1
169
In L5 and S1, presence of dimple with tuft of hair. What is this condition called?
Spina bifida occulta
170
Spina bifida type with open spinal cord
Myeloschisis
171
Spina bifida type containing meninges only
Meningocele
172
Spina bifida type containing meninges and spinal cord or nerve roots
Meningomyelocele
173
Most common direction of intervertebral disc herniation?
Posterolateral
174
Millard Gubler syndrome affects which part of the brainstem?
Pons
175
Claude syndrome affects which part of the brainstem?
Midbrain
176
Weber syndrome affects which part of the brainstem?
Midbrain
