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Yoga Teacher Training 1 > Anatomy Terms > Flashcards

Anatomy Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the muscle?

A

To produce varying forces across joints which enable movement

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2
Q

Origin

A

Proximal attachment of muscle to bone

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3
Q

Insertion

A

Distal attachment of muscle to bone

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4
Q

Antagonist

A

the muscle that relaxes when movement is produced (e.g. triceps are antagonists when the elbow flexes)

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5
Q

Synergist

A

the muscle(s) that assist the agonist with movement

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6
Q

Agonist

A

the muscle that contracts to produce movement (e.g. the biceps are agonists when the elbow flexes)

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7
Q

Monoarticular muscles

A

move only 1 joint

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8
Q

Polyarticular muscles

A

move multiple joints

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of stretching?

A

passive static, active static, facilitated, dynamic

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10
Q

Passive static stretching

A

relaxing into a stretch using only the weight of the body (like hanging in a foward fold)

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11
Q

Active static stretching

A

engaging agonist muscle while stretching antagonist (e.g. in a forward fold, we engage the quads to stretch the hamstrings and engage the core to stretch the low back)

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12
Q

Facilitated Stretching

A

contracting the muscle being stretched during an active static stretch (like pulling on the feet during happy baby or using a strap in a forward fold to further stretch the hamstrings)

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13
Q

Dynamic stretching

A

using movement to get into stretch (like moving around in lizard pose)

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14
Q

What is the function of tendons?

A

to attach muscles to bones

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15
Q

Ligament

A

fibrous connective tissue structures that link one bone to another at the joint. They stabilize the joint and allow for mobility.

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16
Q

Axial skeleton

A

includes the spine/trunk/neck/head

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17
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Opposite of axial, includes the limbs or extremities

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18
Q

Sagittal / medial plane

A

divides the body into left and right

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19
Q

Coronal / frontal plane

A

divides the body into posterior (front) and anterior (back)

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20
Q

Transverse plane

A

divides the body into superior and inferior (up and down)

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21
Q

Flexion

A

a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts

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22
Q

Extension

A

a movement that increases the angle between two body parts

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23
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the midline

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24
Q

Adduction

A

movement toward the midline (ADD to the midline)

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25
Q

Internal Rotation

A

rotating movement toward the midline

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26
Q

External rotation

A

rotating movement away from the midline

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27
Q

Elevation

A

movement in a superior direction (e.g. shrugging the shoulders)

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28
Q

Depression

A

movement in an inferior direction (e.g. shoulders away from ears)

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29
Q

Retraction

A

squeezing shoulder blades together

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30
Q

Protraction

A

pushing shoulders forward and away from each other

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31
Q

Pronation

A

palm down (specific to forearm)

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32
Q

Supination

A

palm up (specific to forearm), seen in anatomical position

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33
Q

Inversion

A

supination of the anlkle

34
Q

Eversion

A

pronation of the ankle

35
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

ankle extension (top of your foot points toward your leg)

36
Q

Plantar flexion

A

ankle flexion (top of your foot points away from your leg, pointed toes)

37
Q

Plane / gliding joint

A

allows for smooth movement in several directions along a plane or other smooth surface. Like two planes sliding across each other. Limited movement.

38
Q

Hinge joint

A

hinged joints formed between two bones. Allows for stable flexion and extension without sliding or deviation.

39
Q

Pivot joint

A

rotational motion occurs without gliding movement. Always for turning motion sideways without sideways displacement or bending.

40
Q

Condyloid joint

A

an oval shaped end of one bone fitting into a similarly oval shaped hollow of another bone to allow angular movement along the two axes

41
Q

Saddle joint

A

two bones that fit together in a manner similar to a rider in a saddle. Allows bending motion in several directions without sliding. Greater range of motion than the other joint types (except ball and socket).

42
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

allows for stable movement in several directions without slippage. Highly stable, strong joints. Include the highest range of motion.

43
Q

What are some examples of plane / gliding joints?

A

The carpals of the hand, the tarsals of the foot, the joints between the vertebrae

44
Q

What are examples of hinge joints?

A

The elbow, the knee

45
Q

What are examples of pivot joints?

A

The wrist joint involved in pronation / supination, the joint between the first and second vertebrae

46
Q

What are some examples of condyloid joints?

A

the fingers, the wrist joint that allows side to side and up/down motion

47
Q

What is an example of a saddle joint?

A

The thumb

48
Q

What are some examples of ball and socket joints?

A

shoulder, hip

49
Q

What are the 5 types of vertebrae?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

50
Q

How many of each vertebrae are there?

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum (5 fused sacral vertebrae), coccyx (4 fused coccygeal vertebrae)

51
Q

What is a spinal disc and what is its function?

A

it is a cartilage ring with a jelly center. It responsible for maintaining the opening between vertebrae for nerves to have room to function properly.

52
Q

What are the three elements of a spinal disc injury (in order)?

A

Degeneration, bulge, herniation

53
Q

Disc degeneration

A

When the disc begins to deteriorate or break down

54
Q

Disc bulge

A

When the disc begins to bulge outside of its normal boundaries (picture a hamburger patty too big for its bun)

55
Q

Disc herniation

A

When the disc bursts out of a crack in the outer layer of cartilage. Also known as a ruptured or slipped disc. Most likely to cause substantial pain.

56
Q

How do we delay damage to spinal discs?

A

Improve the surrounding muscle function in both strength and flexibility

57
Q

Posterior Pelvic Tilt

A

pubic bone toward the navel, tailbone toward floor

58
Q

Anterior Pelvic Tilt

A

pubic bone toward floor, tailbone toward back

59
Q

Lordosis

A

excessive inward curvature of the spine (think belly protruding forward)

60
Q

Kyphosis

A

excessive outward curvature of the spine (e.g. hunchback)

61
Q

What are the primary curves of the spine?

A

Thoracic, sacral

62
Q

What are the secondary curves of the spine?

A

Cervical, lumbar

63
Q

What is the anatomical function of spinal discs?

A

To absorb the shock of movements / gravity and to maintain the opening between vertebrae so the nerves have room for passage

64
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12 pairs (including 2 floating ribs)

65
Q

fascia

A

connective tissue below that skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and internal organs (think of the white tissue on raw chicken)

66
Q

What are the quadriceps and what do they do?

A

The quads are 4 huge muscles on the front of your thigh. It’s main functions are knee extension and hip flexion.

67
Q

What are the glutes and what do they do?

A

The glutes are a team of 3 muscles in your booty area. They work together to extend and externally rotate the hips

68
Q

What are the hamstrings and what do they do?

A

The hamstrings are two muscles that run down the leg. They mainly flex the knee and help extend the hip.

69
Q

What are the pectorals and what do they do?

A

The pectorals are two muscles that make up the majority of the chest. They primarily move the arm but also help pull the ribcage during inhalation.

70
Q

What are the biceps and triceps and what do they do?

A

The biceps and triceps are muscles that run along the humerus bone of the arm and down to the elbow. They work together extend and retract the forearm. The biceps also assist in moving the shoulder, while the triceps help stabilize the shoulder.

71
Q

What are the deltoids and what do they do?

A

The deltoids are muscles on top of the outer parts of the shoulders. They handle most of the effort involved in arm rotation. They also protect the humerus from dislocation and injury.

72
Q

What are the 4 largest back muscles?

A

lattisimus dorsi, rhomboids, levator scapula, and trapezius

73
Q

What are the gastrocnemius and soleus and what do they do?

A

The gastrocnemius and the soleus are the two main calf muscles. They work together to flex the knee and plantar flex the ankle.

74
Q

What are the 4 main abdominal muscles?

A

rectus abdominis, external obliques, internal obliques, the transverse abdominis

75
Q

What are the 5 main hip flexor muscles?

A

the psoas major, the illiacus, rectus femoris, pectineus, and sartorius

76
Q

What are the 3 hamstring muscles?

A

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

77
Q

WHat are the 4 quadricep muscles?

A

vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis

78
Q

What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor (and major), subscapularis

79
Q

What 4 muscles are involved in scapular stabilization?

A

trapezius, rhomboid minor and major, serratus anterior, levator scapulae

80
Q

What 5 muscles are the adductors?

A

Pectineus, Adductor Longus, Gracilis, Adductor Magnus, Adductor Brevis

Yoga Teacher Training 1 (8 decks)

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