Anatomy Terms Flashcards
What is anatomy?
The science of shape and structure of an organism and its parts.
What is kinesiology?
The study of movement.
What is the difference between anatomy and kinesiology?
Anatomy is the study of the human form whereas kinesiology studies how the structure of the form of the body moves.
What is the anatomic position and why is it important?
The anatomic position is a person standing upright, facing forward, with the arms at the sides, the palms facing forward, and the fingers and thumb extended. The anatomic position is important because it is used as a reference position for mapping the locations, structures and points of the human body.
What are the reference points for the anatomic position? Meaning what is anterior, supination, ect.?
With the person standing upright, they face forward (anterior)
The arms out to the sides, with the palms facing forward (supination)
And the fingers and the thumb are extended
What is the human skeleton/body divided into? 2 major components.
Axial Skeleton (Axial Body) and the Appendicular Skeleton (Appendicular Body)
What does the axial skeleton (Axial Body) consist of?
Contains the cranium, spine and sacrum (Head, Neck and Trunk).
What does the appendicular skeleton (Appendicular Body) consist of?
The appendicular skeleton (appendicular body) is made up of the appendages the “hang onto” or attaches to the axial body and consists of the upper extremities and lower extremities.
What does the upper extremity consist of and what skeleton/body is it apart of?
The upper extremity is part of the appendicular body. It consists of the scapula, clavicle, humerus, radias, ulna, carpals, Meta Carpals, and Phalanges. (Shoulder Girdle, Arm, Forearm and Hand).
What does the lower extremity consist of and what skeleton/body is it apart of?
The lower extremity is apart of the appendicular skeleton. It contains the pelvic bones, femur, fibula, tibia, tarsals, Meta Tarsals, Phalanges (Pelvic Girdle, Thigh, Leg and Foot).
What skeletal body is the pelvis girdle apart of?
The pelvic girdle is considered to be a transitional space as the sacrum is included but is really part of the Axial skeleton not the Appendicular Skeleton.
What body part is the head?
Axial Body Part
What body part is the neck?
Axial Body Part
What body part is the trunk?
Axial Body Part
What body part is the shoulder girdle?
Upper Extremity
What body part is the arm?
Upper Extremity
What body part is the forearm?
Upper Extremity
What body part is the hand?
Upper Extremity
What body part is the pelvis?
Lower Extremity
What body part is the thigh?
Lower Extremity
What body part is the leg?
Lower Extremity
What body part is the foot?
Lower Extremity
What is a joint?
Joints are what separates one body part from another and are located between the bones of adjacent body parts.
When a body part moves it moves in relation to another body part and this movement occurs at the ______ between the two adjacent body parts.
Joint
Anterior means?
Farther to the front
Posterior means?
Farther to the back
Medial means?
Closer to the midline or midSagittal plane (an imaginary line dividing the body into right and left halves.)
Lateral means?
Further from the mid-Sagittal plane
Superior means?
Above
Inferior means?
Below
What skeleton body is superior/inferior primarily used for?
Axial skeleton
Superficial means?
Closer to the surface of the body.
Deep means?
Farther from the surface of the body.
Proximal means?
Closer to the axial body.
Distal means?
Farther from the axial body.
What is proximal/distal often in reference to for the skeletal body?
Appendicular skeleton only
What plane does flexion and extension occur?
Movements that occur in the Sagittal plane around the mediolateral axis.
What is flexion?
Movement of a joint whereas the ventral (soft) surfaces of the two body parts come closer together. (Basically bending the arm).
What is extension?
Movement of a joint whereas the dorsal surfaces of the body parts comes closer together. (Basically straightening the arm.)
What plane does abduction and adduction occur?
Movements which occur in the appendicular skeleton that occur in the frontal plane.
What is abduction?
Moving away from the midline of the body (mid-Sagittal Plane)
What is adduction?
Moving closer to the midline of the body (mid-Sagittal Plane)
What plane does right/left lateral flexion occur?
Movement within the axial skeleton that occurs in the frontal plane around the anteroposterior axis
What is right lateral flexion?
Movement at a joint that bends a body part to the right side (laterally)
What is left lateral flexion?
Movement at a joint that bends a body part to the left side (laterally)
When a muscle rotates an axial body part toward the same side of the body where the muscle is located.
Ipsilateral rotation
When a muscle rotates an axial body part toward the opposite side of the body where the muscle is located.
Contralateral Rotation
Movement of the ankle joint (talocrural joint) where the foot moves interiorly, toward the plantar surface of the foot.
Plantar Flexion
Movement of the ankle joint (talocural joint) where the foot moves superiorly, toward the dorsal surface of the foot.
Dorsi Flexion
Movement between the tarsal bones whereas the plantar surface of the foot moves away from the midline of the body.
Eversion
Between the tarsal bones whereas the plantar surface of the foot moves closer to the midline of the body.
Inversion
Radioulnar joint movement wherein the radius crosses the ulna.
Pronation of the Hand
A combination of 3 movements eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion.
Pronation of the Foot
Radioulnar joint movement wherein the radius un-crosses the ulna.
Supination of the Hand
A combination of three movements inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion.
Supination of the Foot
Movement at a joint that brings the body part superiorly.
Elevation
Movement at a joint that brings the body part inferiorly.
Depression
What are the terms used to describe the motions of the scapula?
Upward/Downward Rotation
Axial movements that occur in the vertical plane around the anteroposterior axis.
Upward/Downward Rotation of the scapula
Axial movements that occur in the transverse plane around the mediolateral axis.
Upward/Downward Rotation of the Clavicle
Movement of the pelvis where the superior aspect of the pelvis tilts anteriorly.
Anterior Tilt
Movement of the pelvis where the superior aspect of the pelvis tilts.
Posterior Tilt
A movement at a joint that brings the body part anteriorly.
Protraction
A movement at the joint that brings the body part in posteriorly.
Retraction
This is a combination of 4 actions 1) adduction, 2) extension, 3) abduction, 4) flexion. No rotation is occuring although it appears that way as the 4 corners of the other movements are rounded out.
Circumduction
Typically, when a muscle contracts usually the more fixed (proximal) attatchment stays fixed while the more mobile (distal) attatchment moves. With this action, when the muscle contracts the usually more fixed attatchment moves, while the normally mobile attatchment remains fixed.
Reverse Action
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
A tendon serves to move bone. A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.
This allows for and restricts movement in different directions. They are always situated around the junction between two bones. You find them at joints or articulations.
Ligaments
These are the ends of muscles that attatch to the bones. They connect muscles to bones and allow the muscle to contract and move the bone at a joint in a particular way.
Tendons
The science and study of the function of the human form and its parts.
Physiology
What is the difference between anatomy, physiology, and kinesiology?
Anatomy is the science of shape and structure of the human form and its parts.
Physiology is the science and study of the function of the human form and its parts.
Kinesiology combines the study of anatomy and physiology, however, adds the mechanics of movement of the human form and the application of the principles to evaluate and treat postural and muscular imbalance.
