ANATOMY - sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow Flashcards
what is the sympathetic outflow
T1 - L2
T1 - L2 all have ____ ___ ___ ___
lateral horn cell bodies
presynaptic sympathetic axons are ____ and therefore pass through ___ rootlets/roots
motor
anterior
sympathetic innervation is present in what spinal nerves
all of them
preganglionic sympathetic neurones use ____ as neurotransmitter
ACh
postganglionic sympathetic neurones use ___ as neurotransmitter
NA
sympathetic innervation of the adrenal sweat glands and chromaffin cells as they use ____ as neurotransmitter
ACh
preganglionic and postganglionic neurones of the parasympathetic system use ____ as a neurotransmitter
ACh
the sympathetic nerves have ___ preganglionic neurones and ____ postganglionic neurones
short
long
the parasympathetic nerves have ___ preganglionic neurones and ____ postganglionic neurones
long
short
what are the 4 routes taken by presynaptic sympathetic fibres within sympathetic trunks
1) ascend then synapse
2) synapse at level of entry
3) descend then synapse
4) pass through sympathetic trunk without synapsing
presynaptic sympathetic axons to the heart synapse at what level
T1 or cervical paravertebral ganglia
post-synaptic sympathetic axons to the heart pass in _________ ______ _____ to what
cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
SA and AV node and myocardium
presynaptic sympathetic axons to the lungs synapse where
upper thoracic paravertebral ganglia
post-synaptic sympathetic axons to the lungs pass in the _________ ___ ____ to what
cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
bronchiolar smooth muscle and mucous glands
pre-synaptic sympathetic axons to the abdomino-pelvic organs synapse in one of the _______ ____
prevertebral ganglia
pre-synaptic sympathetic axons to the to the foregut synapse where
coeliac ganglion of coeliac plexus
pre-synaptic sympathetic axons to the kidney synapse where
aorticorenal ganglion
pre-synaptic sympathetic axons to the midgut synapse where
superior mesenteric ganglion of SM plexus
pre-synaptic sympathetic axons to the hindgut/pelvic/peroneal organs synapse where
inferior mesenteric ganglion of the IM plexus
pre-synaptic sympathetic axons to the adrenal medulla pass through the ______ ____ to synapse directly onto the
aorticorenal ganglion
adrenaline/noradrenaline secretory cells of the adrenal medulla
what is parasympathetic outflow
CN III, VII, IX, X and sacral spinal nerves
craniosacral outflow
how does parasympathetic outflow reach the eye
ciliary ganglion (CN III)
how does parasympathetic outflow reach the organs of the neck, chest and abdomen as far as the midgut (splenic flexure)
vagus nerve
how does parasympathetic outflow reach the hindgut, pelvis or perineum
sacral spinal nerves
how does parasympathetic outflow reach the lacrimal gland
CN VII - pterygopalatine ganglion
how does parasympathetic outflow reach the salivary glands (parotid)
CN IX - otic ganglion
how does parasympathetic outflow reach the salivary glands (submandibular and sublingual)
CN VII - submandibular ganglion
