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Week 8 > Anatomy- SPA forearm and hand > Flashcards

Anatomy- SPA forearm and hand Flashcards

1
Q

palmar carpal ligament

A

palmar carpal ligament

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2
Q

the cubital fossa

A

most major structures pass through hereand into the hand via the carpal tunnel

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3
Q

Lateral intermuscular septum

A

a membrane that passes from the anterior border of the radius to the deep fascia surrounding the limb

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4
Q

ID This structure flexor retinaculum

A

flexor retinaculum

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5
Q

ID this structure

A
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6
Q

Name the 4 compartments of the hand

A

hypothenar

thenar

adductor

central

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7
Q

ID the things that run in each of the compartments of the hand

A

hypothenar: hypothenar muscles
thenar: thenar muscles
adductor: adductor pollicus
central: the flexor tendons, lumbricals, the superficial palmar arterial arch and the digital nerves and vessels.

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8
Q

What is the midpalm space and the significance?

A

midpalmarspaceis deep to the central compartment.

It is continuous with the anterior compartment of the forearm via the carpal tunnel

This is important because Infections of the hand may travel through the midpalmarspace into the forearm.

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9
Q

Identify the 4 thenar muscles

A
  1. Abductor pollicis brevis (APB)
  2. Flexor pollicis brevis (FPB)
  3. Opponens pollicis (OP)
  4. Adductor pollicis (AP)
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10
Q

Whata are the Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand (Medial to Lateral)

A

All For One And One For All

(Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi, Opponens digiti minimi, Adductor pollicis, Opponens pollicis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Abductor pollicis brevis)

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11
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Adductor pollicis (AP)

Orgin: Oblique head: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Transverse head: 3rd metacarpal

Insertion: thumb

Action: adduction and medial rotation of thumb

Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Arterial Supply: Deep palmar arterial arch

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12
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB)

•Origin: Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

•Insertion: thumb (1st metacarpal)

•Action: Abducts thumb

•Innervation: Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

•Arterial Supply: Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

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13
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Flexor pollicis brevis (FPB)

•Origin : radius and interosseous membrane

•Insertion : thumb

•Action: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint

•Innervation: Recurrent branch of median nerve,

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve(deep head)

•Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

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14
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Opponens pollicis

Origin: Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

•Insertion: Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

•Action: Draws 1st metacarpal laterally to oppose thumb toward center of palm and rotates it medially

•Innervation: Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

•Arterial Supply: Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

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15
Q

Identify the 4 hypothenar muscles

A
  1. Abductor digitiminimi(ADM)
  2. Flexor digitiminimibrevis (FDMB)
  3. Opponensdigitiminimi(ODM)
  4. palmarisbrevis
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16
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Abductor digiti minimi(ADM)

-Origin : Pisiform

-Insertion: pinky

-Action : flexion and abduction of pinky, extension of PIP and DIP joints

-Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

-Arterial Supply : Ulnar artery

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17
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis (FDMB)

Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: pinky

Action: flexes the MCP joint of pinky

Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

Arterial Supply: Ulnar artery

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18
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Opponens digiti minimi

-Origin Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

-Insertion pinky

-Action opposition ( draws metacarpal in palmar direction)

-Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)

-Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

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19
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Palmaris Brevis

-Origin palmar aponeurosis

-Insertion skin of hypothenar eminance

-Action depends the cup of the palm and helps to grasp objects, tightens the palmar aponeurosis (protective)

-Innervation ulnar nerve

-Arterial Supply

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20
Q

what is unique about lumbricals and what are they innervated by

A

they connect to tensons instead of bone

1 and 2- median nerve

3 and 4- ulnar nerve

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21
Q

where do lumbricals originate

A

radial side of FDP tendon and insert on dorsal side of extensor expansions

O: flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

I: extensor expansions of digits 2-5

innervated by the median nerve for 2 and 3 and by ulnar for 4 and 5

MCP joint: flexion

PIP and DIP: extension

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22
Q

what are the two groups of muscles found between the metacarpals

A

3 palmar interossei

  • PAD –> adduct the hand

4 dorsal interossei

  • DAB –> abduct the hand
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23
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Palmar interossei (3)

•Origin Palmar 1 - 3: Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals (unipennate muscles)

•Insertion Palmar 1 - 3: Extensor expansions of digits and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4 and 5

•Action Palmar 1 - 3: MCP joint flexion, PIP and DIP extension and adduction toward third finger

•Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

•Arterial Supply: Palmar metacarpal arteries

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24
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Dorsal interossei

Origin Dorsal 1 - 4: Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (bipennate muscles)

•Insertion Dorsal 1 - 4: Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2 - 4

•Action Dorsal 1 - 4: MCP joint: flexion, PIP and DIP extension and abduction from 3rd finger

•Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)

•Arterial Supply Dorsal 1 - 4: Dorsal and palmar metacarpal arteries

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25
Q

Which muscles do flexion of thumb

which do flexion at MCP

which do flexion at DIP

which do flexion at PIP

A

thumb: flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis

MCP: lumbricals, interossei, flexor digiti minimi

DIP: flexor digitorum profundus

PIP: flexor digitorum superficialis

26
Q

Which muscles do extension of thumb

which do extension at MCP

which do extension at DIP

which do extension at PIP

A

thumb: extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

MCP: extensor digitorim, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi

DIP and PIP: lumbricals and interossei

27
Q

Which muscles do abduction of thumb

which do abduction at MCP

A

thumb: abductor pollicis longus and brevis

MCP: dorsal interossei, abductor digiti minimi

28
Q

Which muscles do adduction of thumb

which do adduction at MCP

A

Thumb: adductor pollicis

MCP: palmar interossei

29
Q

Which muscles do opposition of the thumb

which muscles do opposition of MCP

A

Thumb: opponens pollicis

MCP: opponens digiti minimi

30
Q

What structures border the cubita fossa

A

traingle space bordering the pronator teres, brachioradialis, medial line to epicondyles

supinator and brachialis on the floor

roof is the deep fascia of the forearm reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis

31
Q

what are the contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial

A

The contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial are the

radial nerve

tendon of the biceps brachii

the brachial artery

median nerve

Really need: radial nerve

Booze to: biceps tendon

Be at: Brachial artery

My nicest: Median nerve

32
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome is an entrapment syndrome caused by pressure on the median nerve within the carpal tunnel.

33
Q

what are the components of the carpal tunnel

A

①Four tendons of the FDS

②Four tendons of the FDP

③Tendon of FPL

④Median nerve

34
Q

Function of the flexor retinaculum

A

•he flexor retinaculum prevents bowstringing of tendons during flexion of the wrist.

35
Q

ID the pisiform

flexor retinaculum

the trapezius

capitate

A
36
Q

what passes superficial to the carpal tunnel

A

ulnar artery

ulna nerve

and the tendon of PL

37
Q

Path of the palmar carpal ligament

A

extends from the pisiform (ulnar side) to the hamate bone, cover the ulnar nerve and artery

38
Q

What is the guyon’s canal and what is the significance of it

A

The canal formed between the carpal bones and the palmar carpal ligament

where the ulnar nerve may be entrapped or compressed

(also called the ulnar tunnel)

39
Q

What is the tunnel outlines in green?

A

ulnar or guyons tunnel

40
Q

what is the rule for the extensors of the posterior arm

A

Extensor muscles of forearm: Rule of 3

3 muscles for wrist extension

  1. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  2. Extensor carpi radialis longus
  3. Extensor carpi ulnaris

3 muscles for finger extension

  1. Extensor digitorum( for all four fingers)
  2. Extensor indicis
  3. Extensor digitiminimi

3 muscles for the thumb

  1. Extensor pollicislongus
  2. Extensor policisbrevis
  3. Abductor pollicislongus
41
Q

what is the primary action of the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment

A

extend or abduct the wrist

42
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior forearm

A

①brachioradialis

②extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)

③extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

④extensor digitorum (ED)

⑤extensor digiti minimi (EDM)

⑥extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)

⑦anconeus is sometimes considered a muscle of the superficial posterior compartment.

43
Q

what superficial muscles are attached to the common extensor tendon

A

①extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

②extensor digitorum (ED)

③extensor digiti minimi (EDM)

④extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)

44
Q

what structures are involved in lateral epicondylitis (“Tennis elbow”)

A

common extensor tendon& ECRB

45
Q

what is the purpose of the retinaculum

A

The tendons of these muscles pass under the extensor retinaculum(see left) as they enter the hand. The purpose of the retinaculum is to prevent bowstringing of the tendons when the muscles are contracted.

46
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)

Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

Insertion Base of 5th metacarpal

Action Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint

Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve, deep branch of the radial nerve

Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

47
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL)

Origin Lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus

Insertion Base of 2nd metacarpal

Action Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint

Innervation Radial nerve (C6 and C7) (C7, C6)

Arterial Supply Radial artery

48
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion Base of 3rd metacarpal

Action Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint

Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve (C7 and C8) (C7, C8)

Arterial Supply Radial artery

49
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Extensor digititorum (ED)

Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion digital expansion of 2-5th digit

Action wrist: extension

MCP, PIP, DIP extension/abduction of fingers

Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

Arterial Supply Interosseous recurrent and posterior interosseous arteries

50
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

extensor digiti mini (EDM)

Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion Extensor expansion of 5th digit

Action Extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

Arterial Supply Interosseous recurrent artery

51
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

supinator

Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa and crest of ulna

Insertion Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius

Action Supinates forearm (i.e., rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly)

Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)

Arterial Supply Recurrent interosseous artery

52
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

extensor Indicis (EI)

Origin Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion Extensor expansion of 2nd digit

Action Extends 2nd digit and helps to extend hand

Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

53
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL)

Origin Posterior surfaces of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion Base of 1st metacarpal

Action Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint

Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

54
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

extensor pollicis longus (EPL)

Origin Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Action Extends distal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal and interphalangeal joints

Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

55
Q

Identify this muscle as well as its:

origin

insertion

action

innervation

Blood supply

A

extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

Origin Posterior surfaces of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint

Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)

Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

56
Q
A
57
Q

what are the 5 deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A

supinator

abductor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis brevis

extensor pollicis longus

extensor indicis

58
Q
A
59
Q

what are the 3 radialis muscles of the postereior forearm

A

branchioradialis

extensor carpi radialis longus

extensor carpi radialis brevis

60
Q

what are the 3 superficial muscles of the forearm

A

extensor digitorum

extensor digiti minimi

extensor carpi ulnaris

Week 8 (6 decks)

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