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Abs ENT > Anatomy - Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate, and Pharynx > Flashcards

Anatomy - Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate, and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of the oral cavity

A

upper and lower teeth
floor of mouth/tongue
oropharynx
hard and soft palate

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2
Q

area of the tongue shortened in tongue-tied patients

A

frenulum

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3
Q

which veins are used for submucosal drug delivery

A

lingual veins

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4
Q

what are the sublingual papillae

A

2 little bumps either side of frenulum which are the openings for ducts of submandibular salivary glands

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5
Q

3 major pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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6
Q

where does parotid gland sit

A

masseter muscle

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7
Q

where do submandibular glands sit

A

just below mandible

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8
Q

features of sublingual glands

A

have lots of tiny ducts which empty into sublingual folds

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9
Q

what must the duct from the parotid gland pass through to reach the oral cavity

A

buccinator muscle

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10
Q

muscle of the floor of the mouth

A

mylohyoid

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11
Q

nerve supply of sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

A

CN VII

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12
Q

nerve supply of parotid gland

A

CN IX, which hitches a ride on auriculotemporal branch of V3 to supply parotid

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13
Q

features of anterior 2/3 tongue

A

horizontal
in oral cavity
general sensory from CN V3
special sensory from CN VII

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14
Q

features of posterior 1/3 tongue

A

vertical
not in oral cavity
general and sensory supply from CN IX

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15
Q

what separates the two parts of the tongue

A

terminal groove/sulcus

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16
Q

what is the foramen caecum

A

origin of the thyroid gland
at the apex of the terminal groove
remnant of the thyroglossal duct

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17
Q

typical place to find thyroglossal cysts or ectopic thyroid tissue

A

midline

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18
Q

how do thyroid swellings move on swallowing

A

move superiorly then inferiorly because of attachment to the larynx

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19
Q

function of extrinsic tongue muscles

A

change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech

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20
Q

name of extrinsic tongue muscles

A 
4 pairs 
palatoglossus (from soft palate) 
styloglossus (from styloid process) 
hyoglossus (from hyoid bone) 
genioglossus (from genial tubercles)
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21
Q

supply of extrinsic tongue muscles

A

hypoglossal apart from palatoglossus which is vagus since it is technically a palate muscle

22
Q

extracranial course of hypoglossal nerve

A

descends in neck lateral to carotid sheath
at level of hyoid, passes anteriorly towards the lateral aspect of the tongue (lateral to the loop of the lingual artery)
supplies most of the muscles of the tongue

23
Q

how to clinically test CN XII

A

ask patient to stick tongue straight out

24
Q

sign of unilateral CNXII damage

A

tongue tip points towards side of injured nerve

25
Q

how much of the palate is hard palate

A

anterior 2/3

26
Q

hard palate mucosa

A

keratinised

27
Q

soft palate mucosa

A

non-keratinised

28
Q

what are palatal rugae

A

transverse mucosal ridges which help with chewing

29
Q

how many muscle pairs in the soft palate

A

5

30
Q

name of soft palate muscles

A 
levator veli palatini 
tensor veli palatini
palatoglossus 
palatopharyngeus 
musculus uvulae
31
Q

function of levator veli palatini

A

lifts soft palate towards base of the skull

32
Q

function of tensor veli palatini

A

tenses the soft palate

33
Q

funcition of palatoglossus

A

depresses the palate towards the tongue or vice versa

34
Q

function of palatopharyngeus

A

longitudinal muscle of pharynx which attaches between palate and larynx

35
Q

innervation of soft palate muscles

A

all CN X except tensor veli palatini which is CN V3

36
Q

function of soft palate

A

functions as trapdoor

  • stops food entering nose during swallowing
  • directs air into nose or mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing and vomiting
  • helps to close off the entrance to the oropharynx during gag reflex
37
Q

how to clinically test CN X and V3

A

ask patient to say Aaaah - uvula should lift straight up in midline

38
Q

sign of unilateral nerve pathology in uvula

A

uvula will be pulled away from non-functioning side by normal side

39
Q

what is the pharyngeal plexus

A

intertwining of CN X and IX

40
Q

circular pharygeal muscles

A

constrictors, attach to midline raphe

external layer of voluntary muscles

41
Q

names of longitudinal pharyngeal muscles

A

stylopharyngeus - styloid process
palatopharyngeus - palate
salpingopharyngeus - cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube

42
Q

insertion of longitudinal muscles

A

posterior border of thyroid cartilage

43
Q

function of longitudinal muscles

A

elevate pharynx and larynx

44
Q

innervation of longitudinal muscles

A

CN X - palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus

CN IX - stylopharyngeus

45
Q

components of Waldeyer’s defensive ring of lymphoid tissue

A 
pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) 
tubal tonsils 
palatine tonsil 
lingual tonsil
palate associated lymphoid tissue
46
Q

submental node drainage

A

tip of tongue

47
Q

submandibular node drainage

A

nasal cavity, tongue, lips

48
Q

where does all lymph from submental/submandibular nodes eventually drain

A

deep cervical nodes

49
Q

where does lymph from palatine tonsil drain

A

jugulo-digastric node

50
Q

why must examination of lymph nodes be bilateral

A

midline structures often drain bilaterally

51
Q

lymph node groups of head and neck

A 
submental 
submandibular 
parotid (pre-auricular) 
mastoid (post-auricular)
occipital
deep cervical (along IJV)
superficial cervical (along EJV)

Abs ENT (4 decks)

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