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Abs ENT > Anatomy - Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy - Ear Flashcards

1
Q

which bone is most important with regards to the ear

A

temporal bone

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2
Q

two parts of the temporal bone

A

squamous and petrous

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3
Q

name and articulations of thinnest part of the skull

A

pterion

- frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

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4
Q

which nerves run within the temporal bone

A

CN VII/VIII

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5
Q

what prevents dislocation of TMJ

A

zygomatic process

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6
Q

which artery runs behind the pterion

A

middle meningeal

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7
Q

what is a feature of both the temporal and occipital bones

A

jugular foramen

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8
Q

what passes through the jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI and internal jugular vein

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9
Q

bones of the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid

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10
Q

bones of the middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid

temporal (mainly this)

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11
Q

bones of the posterior cranial fossa

A

temporal

occipital (mainly this)

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12
Q

cranial nerves leaving in anterior fossa

A

CN 1

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13
Q

cranial nerves leaving in middle fossa

A

CN II, III, IV, Va, Vb, Vc, VI

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14
Q

cranial nerves leaving in posterior fossa

A

CN VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

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15
Q

another name for auricle

A

pinna

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16
Q

contents of external ear

A

auricle to tympanic membrane via EAM

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17
Q

contents of middle ear

A

tympanic membrane to oval window and eustachian tube

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18
Q

contents of internal ear

A

oval window to internal acoustic meatus

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19
Q

function of external ear

A

collects and conveys sound waves to tympanic membrane

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20
Q

function of middle ear

A

amplifies and conducts sound waves to internal ear

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21
Q

function of internal ear

A

converts special sensory information to fluid waves then APs which are then conducted to the brain

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22
Q

type of cartilage at ear

A

elastic

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23
Q

contents of ear canal

A

EAM, 1/3 cartilage, 2/3 bony, lined with skin,

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24
Q

what produces earwax

A

ceruminous glands

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25
Q

name for folded over bit of external ear

A

helix

26
Q

sensory supply to most of external ear, including lobe

A

anterior rami of C2/3 spinal nerves

27
Q

sensory supply to inferior parts of EAM and tympanic membrane

A

vagus

28
Q

sensory supply to superior parts of EAM and most of tympanic membrane

A

CN V3 (mandibular)

29
Q

lymphatic drainage of lateral surface of superior half of ear

A

parotid nodes

30
Q

lymphatic drainage of cranial surface of superior half of ear

A

mastoid nodes and deep cervical

31
Q

lymphatic drainage of rest of auricle including lobe

A

superficial cervical lymph nodes

32
Q

where does all lymph of ear eventually drain to

A

deep cervical lymph nodes in carotid sheath
thoracic duct/right lymphatic duct
venous angle

33
Q

thin part of tympanic membrane seen superiorly on otoscope

A

pars flaccida

34
Q

most inwardly depressed part of tympanic membrane

A

umbo

35
Q

thick part of tympanic membrane seen posteroinferiorly

A

pars tensa

36
Q

way to pull ear in child

A

posteroinferiorly

37
Q

way to pull ear in adult

A

posteriosuperiorly

38
Q

nerve supply to external surface of tympanic membrane

A

CN V3 (auriculotemporal branch)

39
Q

nerve supply to internal surface of tympanic membrane

A

CN IX

40
Q

sensory innervation of CN IX

A 
middle ear cavity 
eustachian tube 
nasopharynx 
oropharynx 
tonsils
41
Q

what does the eustachian tube connect

A

tympanic cavity to lateral wall of nasopharynx

42
Q

sensory supply to laryngopharynx

A

CN X

43
Q

close relation of opening of eustachain tube

A

adenoid tonsil

44
Q

what pulls on the umbo to make the indentation of the tympanic membrane

A

handle of the malleus

45
Q

what fits into the oval window

A

footplate of the stapes

46
Q

what is the tympanic cavity proper

A

posterior to the tympanic membrane

47
Q

what is the aditus

A

doorway into the antrum from the epitympanic recess

48
Q

features of the facial nerve

A

special sensory, sensory, motor and parasympathetic

49
Q

what is the chorda tympani

A

branch of the facial nerve which courses over the internal tympanic membrane and supplies the taste buds of the anteriror 2/3 of the tongue
also gives parasympathetic supply to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

50
Q

base of skull foramen which facial nerve courses through

A

IAM and stylomastoid foramen

51
Q

function of tensor tympani

A

dampens noise from chewing

52
Q

function of stapedius

A

protects internal ear against excessive noise

53
Q

nerve that chorda tympani courses with to supply taste

A

lingual nerve (branch of V3)

54
Q

how to clinically test muscles of facial expression

A

frown, close eyes tightly, smile and puff out cheeks

55
Q

what is the bony labyrinth

A

perilymph filled spaces inside otic capsule

56
Q

features of perilymph

A

similar to extracellular fluid

57
Q

features of endolymph

A

similar to intracellular fluid

58
Q

fluid in semi-circular canal

A

endolymph

59
Q

steps of sound transmission in the internal ear

A
  • sound waves make tympanic membrane vibrate
  • vibrations transmitted through ossicles
  • base of stapes vibrates in oval window
  • vibration of stapes creates pressure waves in perilymph
  • hair cells in cochlea move, neurotransmitter released, AP stimulated and conveyed to brain via cochlear nerve
  • pressure waves descend and become vibrations again
  • pressure waves are dampened at round window
60
Q

where do CN VII and VIII connect to the brainstem

A

junction between pons and medulla oblongata

Abs ENT (4 decks)

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