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Abs ENT > Anatomy - Larynx > Flashcards

Anatomy - Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

fascial compartment in which the larynx is found

A

pretracheal

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2
Q

contents of pretracheal fascia

A 
strap muscles
thyroid gland 
trachea and larynx 
oesophagus and pharynx 
recurrent laryngeal nerves
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3
Q

which layer of the pretracheal fascia is the larynx in

A

visceral

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4
Q

function of strap muscles

A

accessory muscles of breathing

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5
Q

superior border of thyroid cartilage

A

C4/C5

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6
Q

level of cricoid cartilage

A

C6

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7
Q

1st palpable vertebrae & marker of inferior extent of neck

A

C7

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8
Q

marker of superior extent of back

A

T1

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9
Q

level which larynx becomes trachea and pharynx becomes oesophagus

A

C6

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10
Q

what bone is the larynx suspended from

A

hyoid

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11
Q

why is the epiglottis an elastic cartilage

A

needs to be flexible

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12
Q

v shape in thyroid cartilage

A

laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

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13
Q

features of cricoid cartilage

A

narrow front, wide flat back

only cartilage to make a complete ring around the larynx

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14
Q

why is cricothyroid membrane chosen for puncture

A

avoids damaging vocal cords and is relatively avascular

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15
Q

joint which allows movement between thyroid and cricoid cartilages

A

capsule of cricothyroid joint - synovial

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16
Q

location of corniculate cartilage

A

apex of arytenoid cartilages

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17
Q

front process of arytenoid cartilage

A

vocal process - where cords attach, how they move

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18
Q

back process of arytenoid cartilage

A

muscular process

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19
Q

what is cricoid pressure and when is it used

A

pressing on the cricoid cartilage, thus compressing the oesophagus
as you are pressing on an area that is a complete ring, air still gets in, and thus this can be done in ventilation to prevent stomach contents coming up

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20
Q

attachments of vocal folds

A

thyroid cartilage and vocal processes of arytenoid cartilages

21
Q

function of cuneiform and corniculate cartilages

A

support the laryngeal inlet but play no part in vocal cord movement

22
Q

space between vocal cords

A

rima glottidis

23
Q

what is the vallecula

A

space between posterior surface of tongue and epiglottis

24
Q

mucosa of larynx

A

mainly respiratory epithelium

25
Q

mucosa of vocal cords

A

stratified squamous epithelium

26
Q

false vocal cords

A

vestibular folds - just folds of mucosa

27
Q

space in between false and true vocal cords

28
Q

laryngeal mucosa sensory innervation

29
Q

what are vocal fols

A

mucosa covering the vocal cords

30
Q

innervation superior to the vocal fold

A

superior laryngeal branches of CN X

31
Q

innervation to vocal fold and inferior

A

recurrent laryngeal branches of CN X

32
Q

what is the inferior laryngeal branch of CN X

A

just a continuation of the recurrent laryngeal branch

33
Q

what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve loop under on the RHS

A

subclavian artery

34
Q

function of intrinsic muscles of larynx

A

move the cartilages which move the vocal cords

adduct the vocal cords during the cough reflex

35
Q

function of the cricothyroid muscles

A

tense the vocal cords

36
Q

if the vocal cords are tense, what pitch of voice will you have

37
Q

function of thyro-arytenoid muscles

A

relax the vocal cords

pull the arytenoid cartilages towards the thyroid cartilage

38
Q

function of lateral crico-arytenoid muscles

A

adduct the vocal cords

rotate the arytenoid cartilages so that the vocal processes of the cartilages come together in the midline

39
Q

function of arytenoid muscles

A

transverse and oblique arytenoids
adduct the vocal cords
assist arytenoid cartilages to fently close the rima glottidis
also have a sphincter function

40
Q

function of posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

A

abduct the vocal cords
rotate the arytenoid cartilages so that the vocal processes of the cartilage move laterally
widens the rima glottidis (only muscle that does this)

41
Q

rima glottidis during normal respiration

A

larygeal muscles relaxed

42
Q

rima glottidis during forced respiration

A

posterior crico-arytenoids contract

43
Q

rima glottidis during phonation

A

arytenoids contract

assist lateral crico-arytenoids

44
Q

rima glottidis during whispering

A

lateral crico-arytenoids contract

45
Q

what happens in phonation

A

expire a stream of air across the vocal cords

length/tension of cords determines pitch

46
Q

what is articulation

A

production of a recognisable sound in the oral or nasal cavities

47
Q

what happens in oral articulation

A

soft palate tenses (CN V3) and elevates (CN X) to close off entrance to nasopharynx
directs stream of air through oral cavity
sound interrupted by tongue (CN XII) and teeth/lips (CN VII) to produce most vowels and consonants

48
Q

what happens in nasal articulation

A

soft palate tenses (CN V3) and descends (CN X) to close off entrance to oropharynx
directs stream of air through nasal cavities
produces one of three sounds - m/n/ing depending on position of tongue (CN XII), teeth and lips (CN VII)

49
Q

how to clinically test the vagus nerve

A

ask patient to swallow sip of water - watch larynx move, swallow or cough reflex could be damaged if spluttering
listen to patient speak - hoarseness, intrinsic muscles moving cords normally
ask patient to cough - also requires functioning diaphragm, phrenic nerves, abdo wall etc.

Abs ENT (4 decks)

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