Anatomy - Nasal Cavities and Paranasal Sinuses

Question 1

name for bit of nose between eyebrows

Answer 1

root

Question 2

common name for dorsum of nose

Answer 2

bridge

Question 3

name for wings of nostrils

Answer 3

ala

Question 4

type of cartilage in nose

Answer 4

hyaline

Question 5

why can adrenaline containing local anaesthetics not be used in the nose

Answer 5

cartilage is avascular and relies on nutrient diffusion from other structures, so as adrenaline is a vasoconstrictor, no nutrient could reach the cartilage

Question 6

what forms the roof of the nasal cavity

Answer 6

cribiform plate and crista galli of ethmoid bone

Question 7

what forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Answer 7

superior and middle conchae, ethmoidal air cells, orbital plate of ethmoid and inferior conchae

Question 8

what forms the septum of the nasal cavity

Answer 8

perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer

Question 9

line separating bones of the face from bones of the cranial vault

Answer 9

base of skull

Question 10

consequence of Le Fort II or III fracture

Answer 10

can disrupt cribiform plate of ethmoid, thus there is a danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses to the anterior cranial fossa

Question 11

consequence of Le Fort I fracture

Answer 11

can damage opening of nasolacrimal duct during fracture

Question 12

which of the conchae is a stand alone bone, and which are part of the ethmoid

Answer 12

superior and middle part of ethmoid

inferior bone of its own

Question 13

what forms the floor of the nasal cavity

Answer 13

palatine bone and palatine process of the maxilla

Question 14

mucosa in 1st part of nasal cavity

Answer 14

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 15

mucosa in 2nd part of nasal cavity

Answer 15

respiratory epithelium

pseudostratified columnar with cilia and goblet cells

Question 16

mucosa in 3rd part of nasal cavity

Answer 16

olfactory mucosa

Question 17

CN I name and function

Answer 17

olfactory nerve, special sensory

Question 18

receptor cells of the olfactory nerve

Answer 18

pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid and sit in olfactory mucosa
1st neurones in chain

Question 19

olfactory bulb

Answer 19

ganglion of cell bodies which are 2nd neurones in chain

Question 20

where does the olfactory tract end

Answer 20

temporal lobe

Question 21

part of nasal cavity supplied by CN v1 (ophthalmic)

Answer 21

anterosuperior

Question 22

part of nasal cavity supplied by CN v2 (maxillary)

Answer 22

posteroinferior

Question 23

how does transmission of CN v1 occur

Answer 23

via anterior/posterior ethmoidal branches of the nasociliary nerve

Question 24

how does transmission of CN v2 occur

Answer 24

via nasopalatine and greater palatine nerves

Question 25

arteries arising from external carotid artery

Answer 25

facial artery (gives labial) and maxillary artery

Question 26

arteries arising from internal cartoid artery

Answer 26

ophthalmic artery (supplies nasal cavity)

Question 27

branches of ophthalmic artery

Answer 27

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Question 28

branches of maxillary artery

Answer 28

sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries

Question 29

branches of facial artery

Answer 29

lateral nasal branch of facial or septal branch of superior labial artery

Question 30

common site of epistaxis

Answer 30

Kiesselbach's/Little's area

Question 31

anastomosis of Kiesselbach's area

Answer 31

L- labial/septal E - ethmoidal G - greater palatine S - sphenopalatine

Question 32

another name for conchae

Answer 32

turbinates

Question 33

lining of conchae

Answer 33

respiratory mucosa

Question 34

what are meatuses?

Answer 34

spaces/recesses underneath each concha

Question 35

location of sphenoethmoidal recess

Answer 35

above superior nasal concha

Question 36

location of superior meatus

Answer 36

below superior nasal concha

Question 37

location of middle meatus

Answer 37

below middle nasal concha

Question 38

location of inferior meatus

Answer 38

below inferior nasal concha

Question 39

function of conchae

Answer 39

increase surface area of nasal cavity so air can be warmed/humidified for gas exchange

Question 40

sensory nerve supply to inferior nasal concha

Answer 40

CN V2

Question 41

what is found in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

Answer 41

opening of the eustachian tube

Question 42

where is the ostium of the antrum located

Answer 42

entirely within the middle meatus

Question 43

names of paranasal sinuses

Answer 43

2 frontal 2 maxillary (antrum) 2 ethmoidal 1/2/many sphenoidal

Question 44

how does mucus drain into nasal cavities from sinuses

Answer 44

via ostia in the lateral walls of the nasal cavities

Question 45

where does the frontal sinus drain

Answer 45

middle meatus

Question 46

where does the ethmoidal sinus drain

Answer 46

superior and middle meatuses

Question 47

where does the maxillary sinus drain

Answer 47

middle meatus

Question 48

where does the sphenoidal sinus drain

Answer 48

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 49

what is produced by the lacrimal gland

Answer 49

tears

Question 50

where do tears drain

Answer 50

nasolacrimal duct then inferior meatus of nasal cavity

Question 51

sensation of pain during sinusitis is caused by which nerves

Answer 51

CN V1/2

Question 52

where may pain be referred to in sinusitis

Answer 52

teeth

Question 53

which sinus has to drain against gravity

Answer 53

maxillary

Question 54

what may tooth extraction result in

Answer 54

oro-antral fistula which can lead to maxillary sinusitis