Anatomy - Nasal Cavities and Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards
name for bit of nose between eyebrows
root
common name for dorsum of nose
bridge
name for wings of nostrils
ala
type of cartilage in nose
hyaline
why can adrenaline containing local anaesthetics not be used in the nose
cartilage is avascular and relies on nutrient diffusion from other structures, so as adrenaline is a vasoconstrictor, no nutrient could reach the cartilage
what forms the roof of the nasal cavity
cribiform plate and crista galli of ethmoid bone
what forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
superior and middle conchae, ethmoidal air cells, orbital plate of ethmoid and inferior conchae
what forms the septum of the nasal cavity
perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer
line separating bones of the face from bones of the cranial vault
base of skull
consequence of Le Fort II or III fracture
can disrupt cribiform plate of ethmoid, thus there is a danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses to the anterior cranial fossa
consequence of Le Fort I fracture
can damage opening of nasolacrimal duct during fracture
which of the conchae is a stand alone bone, and which are part of the ethmoid
superior and middle part of ethmoid
inferior bone of its own
what forms the floor of the nasal cavity
palatine bone and palatine process of the maxilla
mucosa in 1st part of nasal cavity
keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
mucosa in 2nd part of nasal cavity
respiratory epithelium
pseudostratified columnar with cilia and goblet cells
mucosa in 3rd part of nasal cavity
olfactory mucosa
CN I name and function
olfactory nerve, special sensory
receptor cells of the olfactory nerve
pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid and sit in olfactory mucosa
1st neurones in chain
olfactory bulb
ganglion of cell bodies which are 2nd neurones in chain
where does the olfactory tract end
temporal lobe
part of nasal cavity supplied by CN v1 (ophthalmic)
anterosuperior
part of nasal cavity supplied by CN v2 (maxillary)
posteroinferior
how does transmission of CN v1 occur
via anterior/posterior ethmoidal branches of the nasociliary nerve
how does transmission of CN v2 occur
via nasopalatine and greater palatine nerves
arteries arising from external carotid artery
facial artery (gives labial) and maxillary artery
arteries arising from internal cartoid artery
ophthalmic artery (supplies nasal cavity)
branches of ophthalmic artery
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
branches of maxillary artery
sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries
branches of facial artery
lateral nasal branch of facial or septal branch of superior labial artery
common site of epistaxis
Kiesselbach’s/Little’s area
anastomosis of Kiesselbach’s area
L- labial/septal
E - ethmoidal
G - greater palatine
S - sphenopalatine
another name for conchae
turbinates
lining of conchae
respiratory mucosa
what are meatuses?
spaces/recesses underneath each concha
location of sphenoethmoidal recess
above superior nasal concha
location of superior meatus
below superior nasal concha
location of middle meatus
below middle nasal concha
location of inferior meatus
below inferior nasal concha
function of conchae
increase surface area of nasal cavity so air can be warmed/humidified for gas exchange
sensory nerve supply to inferior nasal concha
CN V2
what is found in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
opening of the eustachian tube
where is the ostium of the antrum located
entirely within the middle meatus
names of paranasal sinuses
2 frontal
2 maxillary (antrum)
2 ethmoidal
1/2/many sphenoidal
how does mucus drain into nasal cavities from sinuses
via ostia in the lateral walls of the nasal cavities
where does the frontal sinus drain
middle meatus
where does the ethmoidal sinus drain
superior and middle meatuses
where does the maxillary sinus drain
middle meatus
where does the sphenoidal sinus drain
sphenoethmoidal recess
what is produced by the lacrimal gland
tears
where do tears drain
nasolacrimal duct then inferior meatus of nasal cavity
sensation of pain during sinusitis is caused by which nerves
CN V1/2
where may pain be referred to in sinusitis
teeth
which sinus has to drain against gravity
maxillary
what may tooth extraction result in
oro-antral fistula which can lead to maxillary sinusitis
