Anatomy pratical 2

Question 1

amount of air inspired or expired during normal, quiet respiation

Answer 1

tidal volume

Question 2

the amount of air which can be forcefully inspired above and beyond that taken in during a normal respiration

Answer 2

Inspiratory Reserve volume

Question 3

The maximal amount of air which can be forcefully expired following a normal expiration

Answer 3

Expiratory reserve volume

Question 4

the amount of air which remains trapped in the lungs after a maximal expiratory effort

Answer 4

residual volume

Question 5

the total amount of air the lungs can contain- the sum of all four volumes

Answer 5

total lung capacity

Question 6

the maximal amount of air that can be forcefully expired after a maximum inspiration

Answer 6

vital capacity

Question 7

the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration

Answer 7

functional residual capacity

Question 8

The maximal amount of air which can be inspired after a normal expiration

Answer 8

inspiratory capacity

Question 9

What is the equation for total lung capacity?

Answer 9

Total lung capacity= tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume

Question 10

What is the equation for vital capacity?

Answer 10

Vital capacity= tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

Question 11

What is the equation for Functional Residual capacity?

Answer 11

Functional Residual capacity= residual volume + Expiratory reserve volume

Question 12

What is the equation for Inspiratory capacity?

Answer 12

Inspiratory capacity= tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 13

What is the equation for respiratory minute volume?

Answer 13

Respiratory minute volume= Tidal volume(mL) + Respiratory Rate(breaths/min)

Question 14

graphical calulating device

Answer 14

nomogram

Question 15

Polimyelittis and left sided heart diseases causes…

Answer 15

decrease in vital capacity

Question 16

Normal values for the Heymer test of respiratory reserve:
* Men:
* Women:

Answer 16

• Men: 50-70 seconds
• Women: 50-60 seconds

Question 17

What is the metabolic rate equation?

Answer 17

Metabolic rate= (%O2 inhaled-%O2 exhaled) x volume of air breathed

Question 18

a cavity or hole inside of a tube, blood vessel or hollow organ

Answer 18

lumen

Question 19

a small, ball shaped cluster of secretory cells surrounding ducts

Answer 19

acini

Question 20

a tubular structure that transports secretion of a gland. They are composed of simple cuboidal epithelium, arranged in a doughnut pattern

Answer 20

duct

Question 21

large, roundish projections or divisions of an organ. They can be seen with the naked eye

Answer 21

lobes

Question 22

Small divisions of the cells in an organ, forming a functional unit. Need a microscope to be seen.

Answer 22

Lobules

Question 23

very thin tunic made of simple squamous epithelium that surrounds the outisde of the organ

Answer 23

serosa

Question 24

lies immediately inside the serosa and has two layers of the smooth muscle

Answer 24

Muscularis Externa

Question 25

lays next to the muscularis externa. It is rather empty looking tunic in most organs, containing only scattered nuclei, a few wavy collagen fibers and sometimes glandular tissue

Answer 25

submucosa

Question 26

Closest to the lumen. It has 3 sublayers known as the muscularis muscosa, lamina propria and epithelium

Answer 26

mucosa

Question 27

1. Acidic urine - lower than 6.0
2. Proteinuria or albuminuria
3. Glycosuria- a lot of glucose in urine
4. Ketunuria- high ketones
5. Alkaline urine- higher than 6.0
6. Diabetes mellitus - glucose and ketone in urine with a low pH
7. Nephrittis- high blood and protein in urine