Anatomy/physiology - throat

Question 1

The duct pierces the buccinator muscle, then opening up into the oral cavity on the inner surface of the cheek, usually opposite the maxillary second molar

Answer 1

Parotid duct also known as Stenson’s duct

Question 2

Lying superior to thedigastric muscle, each gland is divided into superficial and deep lobes, which are separated by themylohyoid muscle. The duct functions against gravity so is predisposed to stone formation

Answer 2

Submandibular duct also known as Wharton’s duct

Question 3

Name the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 3

Genioglossus, stylolgossus, hyoglossus and palatoglossus
All but palatoglossus is innervated by hyperglossal nerve => tongue protrusion important clinical sign of hyperglossal nerve palsy

Question 4

Name the four muscles of mastication and their nerve supply:

Answer 4

Lateral pterygoid, medial prerygoid, temporalis, masseter

Cr. N. V3, Trigeminal maxillary branch

Question 5

Bilateral uvula movement is the cranial nerve test for:

Answer 5

Cr. N. 9, glossopharangeal

Question 6

Using a laryngoscope to visualise vocal chords the function of cranial nerve………. can be assessed

Answer 6

Cr. N. 10, recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

Question 7

What epithelium does the oropharynx have?

Answer 7

Stratified non-keratinised squamous

Question 8

How can regurgitation of food through the oesophagus during anaesthetic be avoided?

Answer 8

Applying pressure to the Cricoid as muscle relaxants are given to avoid regurgitation and potential aspiration

Question 9

What are the three phases of swallowing

Answer 9

Oral, Pharyngeal, Oesophageal

Question 10

What are the 5 stages of speech

Answer 10

Respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation, prosody