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EMT Class > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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2
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

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3
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head

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4
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet

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5
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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7
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment of the body.

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8
Q

Distal

A

Away from the center of the body or the point of attachment of the body.

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9
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standing erect, facing forward, with arms down at the sides and palms forward.

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10
Q

Organs of RUQ

A 
Liver
Right Kidney
Colon
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Small Intestines
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11
Q

Organs of the LUQ

A 
Liver
Spleen
Left Kidney
Stomach
Colon
Pancreas
Small Intestine
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12
Q

Organs of the RLQ

A 
Colon
Small Intestines
Right Ureter
Appendix
Right ovary (female)
Right fallopian tube (female)
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13
Q

Organs of the LLQ

A 
Colon
Small Intestines
Left Ureter
Left Ovary (female)
Left fallopian tube (female)
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14
Q

Ligaments

A

Tissues which connect bone to bone

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15
Q

Tendons

A

Tissues that connect muscle to bone

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16
Q

Functions of the Musculoskeletal system

A 
Gives the body shape
Protects vital internal organs
Allows for movment
Stores minerals
Produces red blood cells
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17
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal (Voluntary)
Smooth (Involuntary)
Cardiac

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18
Q

Where are 3 places smooth muscle is found?

A

Bronchioles, Intestinal tract, Blood vessels

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19
Q

Functions of the Respiratory System

A
  • Respiration
  • Ventilation
  • Oxygenation
  • Helps maintain normal acid-base balance (pH)
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20
Q

Respiration

A

Gas Exhange

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21
Q

Ventilation

A

Mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

22
Q

Division of the upper and lower airway

A

Trachea or Cricoid Ring

23
Q

External Respiration

A

Gas exchange between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.

24
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Gas exchange between the systemic capillaries and the body’s cells or tissues.

25
Q

Atria

A

The upper chambers of the heart

26
Q

Ventricles

A

The lower chambers of the heart.

27
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that take blood away from the heart.

28
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that take blood towards the heart.

29
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessels that allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes.

30
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

Carries oxygen to the body’s cells.

31
Q

White Blood Cells

A

Part of the body’s immune system and helps to defend against infection.

32
Q

Platelets

A

Essential to the formation of blood clots and necessary to stop bleeding.

33
Q

Plasma

A

The liquid part of the blood.

34
Q

Formed Elements

A

45% of blood volume and contain RBC’s, WBC’s, and Platelets.

35
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

The pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle contracts.

36
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

The pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle is at rest between contractions.

37
Q

Perfusion

A

The delivery of oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients to the cells of all organ systems and the elimination of carbon dioxide and other waste products.

38
Q

Transport of O2 in the blood

A

97% transported via Hemoglobin (RBC’s)

3% dissolved in the plasma

39
Q

Transport of CO2 in the blood

A

70% transported via bicarbonate
23% transported via hemoglobin (RBC’s)
7% dissolved in the plasma

40
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Consists of the Brain and Spinal Cord

41
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Composed of the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord.

42
Q

Cerebrum

A

The outermost portion of the brain. Controls specific body functions, sensation, thought, speech, movement, and associative memory.

43
Q

Cerebellum

A

“Small Brain”- It coordinates muscle activity and maintains balance.

44
Q

Brainstem

A

Helps control vital functions.

45
Q

Reticular Activiating System (RAS)

A

A group of nerve cells located in the midbrain that helps regulate consciousness and determine wake and sleep cycles.

46
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System: Signs/Symptoms

A

(Fight or Flight)

  • Increase Heart Rate
  • Respiratory rate increases
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Bronchodilation
  • Pupil Dilation
  • Epinephrine secreted
  • Sweat secretion increases
47
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System: Signs/Symptoms

A

(Rest and Digest)

  • Pupils Constict
  • Saliva secretions increase
  • Heart rate decreases
  • Bronchioles constrict
  • Blood vessels dilate
  • Gastric Juice secretion increases
48
Q

Alpha 1

A

Vasoconstriction

49
Q

Alpha 2

A

Regulates effects of alpha 1

50
Q

Beta 1

A

Increases heart rate
Increases strength of contraction
Increases speed of conduction

51
Q

Beta 2

A

Bronchodilation

EMT Class (7 decks)

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