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Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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2
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

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3
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head

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4
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet

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5
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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7
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment of the body.

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8
Q

Distal

A

Away from the center of the body or the point of attachment of the body.

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9
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standing erect, facing forward, with arms down at the sides and palms forward.

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10
Q

Organs of RUQ

A 
Liver
Right Kidney
Colon
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Small Intestines
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11
Q

Organs of the LUQ

A 
Liver
Spleen
Left Kidney
Stomach
Colon
Pancreas
Small Intestine
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12
Q

Organs of the RLQ

A 
Colon
Small Intestines
Right Ureter
Appendix
Right ovary (female)
Right fallopian tube (female)
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13
Q

Organs of the LLQ

A 
Colon
Small Intestines
Left Ureter
Left Ovary (female)
Left fallopian tube (female)
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14
Q

Ligaments

A

Tissues which connect bone to bone

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15
Q

Tendons

A

Tissues that connect muscle to bone

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16
Q

Functions of the Musculoskeletal system

A 
Gives the body shape
Protects vital internal organs
Allows for movment
Stores minerals
Produces red blood cells
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17
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal (Voluntary)
Smooth (Involuntary)
Cardiac

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18
Q

Where are 3 places smooth muscle is found?

A

Bronchioles, Intestinal tract, Blood vessels

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19
Q

Functions of the Respiratory System

A
  • Respiration
  • Ventilation
  • Oxygenation
  • Helps maintain normal acid-base balance (pH)
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20
Q

Respiration

A

Gas Exhange

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21
Q

Ventilation

A

Mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

22
Q

Division of the upper and lower airway

A

Trachea or Cricoid Ring

23
Q

External Respiration

A

Gas exchange between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.

24
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Gas exchange between the systemic capillaries and the body’s cells or tissues.

25
Atria
The upper chambers of the heart
26
Ventricles
The lower chambers of the heart.
27
Arteries
Blood vessels that take blood away from the heart.
28
Veins
Blood vessels that take blood towards the heart.
29
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels that allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes.
30
Red Blood Cells
Carries oxygen to the body's cells.
31
White Blood Cells
Part of the body's immune system and helps to defend against infection.
32
Platelets
Essential to the formation of blood clots and necessary to stop bleeding.
33
Plasma
The liquid part of the blood.
34
Formed Elements
45% of blood volume and contain RBC's, WBC's, and Platelets.
35
Systolic Blood Pressure
The pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle contracts.
36
Diastolic Blood Pressure
The pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle is at rest between contractions.
37
Perfusion
The delivery of oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients to the cells of all organ systems and the elimination of carbon dioxide and other waste products.
38
Transport of O2 in the blood
97% transported via Hemoglobin (RBC's) | 3% dissolved in the plasma
39
Transport of CO2 in the blood
70% transported via bicarbonate 23% transported via hemoglobin (RBC's) 7% dissolved in the plasma
40
Central Nervous System
Consists of the Brain and Spinal Cord
41
Peripheral Nervous System
Composed of the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord.
42
Cerebrum
The outermost portion of the brain. Controls specific body functions, sensation, thought, speech, movement, and associative memory.
43
Cerebellum
"Small Brain"- It coordinates muscle activity and maintains balance.
44
Brainstem
Helps control vital functions.
45
Reticular Activiating System (RAS)
A group of nerve cells located in the midbrain that helps regulate consciousness and determine wake and sleep cycles.
46
Sympathetic Nervous System: Signs/Symptoms
(Fight or Flight) - Increase Heart Rate - Respiratory rate increases - Vasoconstriction - Bronchodilation - Pupil Dilation - Epinephrine secreted - Sweat secretion increases
47
Parasympathetic Nervous System: Signs/Symptoms
(Rest and Digest) - Pupils Constict - Saliva secretions increase - Heart rate decreases - Bronchioles constrict - Blood vessels dilate - Gastric Juice secretion increases
48
Alpha 1
Vasoconstriction
49
Alpha 2
Regulates effects of alpha 1
50
Beta 1
Increases heart rate Increases strength of contraction Increases speed of conduction
51
Beta 2
Bronchodilation

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