Airway Flashcards
Ventilation
The mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs.
Respiration
Gas Exchange
Where does gas exchange happen in the lungs?
Alveoli (alveolar capillary membrane)
Hypoxia
Inadequate amount of oxygen being delivered to the cells.
Hypoxemia
Low oxygen content in the arterial blood.
Cyanosis
Bluish gray color that is a late sign of hypoxia.
Differences in Pediatric Airways
- Larger head
- Small nose and mouth
- Larger tongue takes up more space
- Epiglottis is U-shaped and protrudes farther posteriorly.
- Cricoid cartilage is the narrowest part of the airway.
- Trachea is narrower, softer, and more flexible.
- Primarily breathe off of their diaphragm.
Snoring
Upper Airway obstruction: caused by the tongue blocking the airway.
Crowing
Upper Airway obstruction: Cawing sound caused by spasm/swelling of the larynx
Gurgling
Upper Airway Obstruction: Caused by fluid in the airway (i.e. blood, vomit, or other fluid)
Stridor
Upper Airway Obstruction: High-pitched sound heard on inspiration, caused by swelling in the upper airway.
What is the division between the upper and lower airway?
What is the most terminal portion of the airway structures?
List 5 things that are needed during appropriate positive pressure ventilation (PPV).
- Open airway
- Maintain good mask seal
- Ventilate over 1 second
- Ventilate until you see chest rise
- Ventilate at the appropriate rate
What is the rate for ventilating an Infant?
1 breath every 3 seconds (20/min)
What is the rate for ventilating an child?
1 breath every 3-5 seconds (12-20/min)
What is the rate for ventilating an adult?
1 breath every 5-6 seconds (10-12/min)
What is the rate for ventilating an adult patient without a pulse?
Apnea
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
What does CPAP stand for?
Minute Volume
Tidal Volume
What is the SpO2 goal for a patient suffering from a medical condition?
> 94%
What is the SpO2 goal for a trauma patient suffering from multisystem trauma?
> 95%
What is the SpO2 goal for a pregnant patient who is > 20 weeks gestation and has a medical or trauma condition?
High concentrations of O2 regardless of the mother’s SpO2.
What is the SpO2 goal for a patient suffering from inhaled poisons or a toxic exposure.
High concentrations of O2 regardless of the SpO2.
What is the flow rate for a Bag Valve Mask (BVM)?
What is the flow rate for a non-rebreather mask?
What is the flow rate for a nasal cannula?
What is the flow rate for a nebulizer attached to your O2 tank?
What concentration of O2 does a NRB administer?
What concentration of O2 does a nasal cannula administer?
What concentration of O2 does a BVM administer?
How do you size an OPA?
How do you size an NPA?
What are the contraindications for an OPA?
What are the contraindications for an NPA?
Facial trauma
What are the different names for the suction catheter used to suction the oropharynx?
- Yaunker
- Rigid suction catheter
- Tonsil tip suction catheter
What are the names of the suction catheter used to suction the nasopharynx?
- Soft catheter
- French catheter
How long should you suction for an adult patient?
How long should you suction for an infant or a child?
What is the preferred method for opening an airway in a patient who has an altered mental status and is at risk for aspirating blood, secretions, or vomitus?
What is the preferred method for opening an airway in a patient who had a traumatic accident?
