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Science 2018 > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a exoskeleton?

A

Hard outer shell of the body, which is made up of bones with muscles connected to them, and bone attached onto main frame.

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2
Q

What is a endoskeleton?

A

Hard internal support system, with backbone strengthened by girdles, and bones with muscles attached near the ends.

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3
Q

What is a hydrostatic skeletion?

A

Fluid filled cell, water is held in the body and moved around by muscles to cause change in shape or position of the organism.

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4
Q

What bones are in the feet?

A

Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges.

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5
Q

What bones are in the hands?

A

Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges.

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6
Q

What bones are in the legs?

A

Femur (Top), Patella (Knee), Tibia (Inside Bottom), Fibula (Outside Bottom)

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7
Q

What bones are in the arms?

A

Humerus (Top), Ulna (Inside Bottom), Radius (Outside Bottom)

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8
Q

What bones are in the pelvis?

A

Illium (Outside), Sacrum (Inside), Pubis (Bottom)

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9
Q

What bones are in the Torso?

A

Clavicle (Collarbone), Scapula (Shoulder), Ribs, Sternum (Middle)

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10
Q

What bones are in the head?

A

Cranuim (Skull), Mandible (Chin)

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11
Q

What is the Axial Skeleton made up of?

A

Skull, Vertebrae, Ribs

The core bone structure.

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12
Q

What is the Appendicular Skeleton made up of?

A

Arms, Legs, Pelvis.

Limbs which are attached to the Axial Skeleton.

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13
Q

What is a Fibrous joint?

A

Connect bones without allowing any movement.

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14
Q

What is a Cartilaginous joint?

A

Joints which attach bones to cartilage.

Only allow for little movement.

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15
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

Joints which allow for large movement.

Contain synovial fluid for lubrication.

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16
Q

What type of joint is the arm to the shoulder?

A

Ball and socket.

17
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Hinge joint.

18
Q

What is a saddle joint?

A

Allows for movement back and forth and up and down.
Does not allow for rotation.
Found between carpal and metacarpal.
Found between tarsal and metatarsal.

19
Q

What is a gliding joint?

A

Bones slide past each other.

20
Q

What are ligaments for?

A

Link the ends of bones together at a joint.

21
Q

What are tendons for?

A

Attach muscles to bones.

22
Q

What organs do the ribs protect?

A

Heart, Lungs, Liver.

23
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A

Cardiac, Smooth, Striated.

24
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

Something that can be sensed.

25
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

Sense things such as touch, light, sound, temperature, smell, taste, pressure and other stimuli.

26
Q

What are Motor neurons?

A

Receive signals from central nervous system and cause muscles to move, or glands to work.

27
Q

What are Inter neurons?

A

Connect neurons with other neurons within the same region, relay messages.

28
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Cells found in the nerve.

29
Q

What is a receptor?

A

Detects one type of stimulus.

30
Q

What is an effector?

A

Something which acts on impulse when receiving a message from a receptor, such as muscles or glands.

31
Q

What is a reflex arc for?

A

Allows for fast reactions.

32
Q

How does the reflex arc work?

A

The receptors signal is intercepted by an interneuron and send straight to the effector, bypassing the brain.

33
Q

What is adrenaline for?

A

Prepares the body for fight or flight.

34
Q

What is Insulin for?

A

Causes the conversion of glucose into glycogen, reducing blood sugar levels.

35
Q

What is Glucagon for?

A

Causes the break down of glycogen into glucose, increasing blood sugar levels.

36
Q

What is testosterone for?

A

Controls development of male sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

37
Q

What is Oestrogen for?

A

Controls the development of female sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics.
Causes the lining of the uterus to get thick and spongy.

Science 2018 (7 decks)

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