Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
What is a exoskeleton?
Hard outer shell of the body, which is made up of bones with muscles connected to them, and bone attached onto main frame.
What is a endoskeleton?
Hard internal support system, with backbone strengthened by girdles, and bones with muscles attached near the ends.
What is a hydrostatic skeletion?
Fluid filled cell, water is held in the body and moved around by muscles to cause change in shape or position of the organism.
What bones are in the feet?
Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges.
What bones are in the hands?
Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges.
What bones are in the legs?
Femur (Top), Patella (Knee), Tibia (Inside Bottom), Fibula (Outside Bottom)
What bones are in the arms?
Humerus (Top), Ulna (Inside Bottom), Radius (Outside Bottom)
What bones are in the pelvis?
Illium (Outside), Sacrum (Inside), Pubis (Bottom)
What bones are in the Torso?
Clavicle (Collarbone), Scapula (Shoulder), Ribs, Sternum (Middle)
What bones are in the head?
Cranuim (Skull), Mandible (Chin)
What is the Axial Skeleton made up of?
Skull, Vertebrae, Ribs
The core bone structure.
What is the Appendicular Skeleton made up of?
Arms, Legs, Pelvis.
Limbs which are attached to the Axial Skeleton.
What is a Fibrous joint?
Connect bones without allowing any movement.
What is a Cartilaginous joint?
Joints which attach bones to cartilage.
Only allow for little movement.
What is a synovial joint?
Joints which allow for large movement.
Contain synovial fluid for lubrication.
What type of joint is the arm to the shoulder?
Ball and socket.
What type of joint is the knee?
Hinge joint.
What is a saddle joint?
Allows for movement back and forth and up and down.
Does not allow for rotation.
Found between carpal and metacarpal.
Found between tarsal and metatarsal.
What is a gliding joint?
Bones slide past each other.
What are ligaments for?
Link the ends of bones together at a joint.
What are tendons for?
Attach muscles to bones.
What organs do the ribs protect?
Heart, Lungs, Liver.
What are the 3 types of muscle?
Cardiac, Smooth, Striated.
What is a stimulus?
Something that can be sensed.
What are sensory neurons?
Sense things such as touch, light, sound, temperature, smell, taste, pressure and other stimuli.
What are Motor neurons?
Receive signals from central nervous system and cause muscles to move, or glands to work.
What are Inter neurons?
Connect neurons with other neurons within the same region, relay messages.
What is a neuron?
Cells found in the nerve.
What is a receptor?
Detects one type of stimulus.
What is an effector?
Something which acts on impulse when receiving a message from a receptor, such as muscles or glands.
What is a reflex arc for?
Allows for fast reactions.
How does the reflex arc work?
The receptors signal is intercepted by an interneuron and send straight to the effector, bypassing the brain.
What is adrenaline for?
Prepares the body for fight or flight.
What is Insulin for?
Causes the conversion of glucose into glycogen, reducing blood sugar levels.
What is Glucagon for?
Causes the break down of glycogen into glucose, increasing blood sugar levels.
What is testosterone for?
Controls development of male sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics.
What is Oestrogen for?
Controls the development of female sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics.
Causes the lining of the uterus to get thick and spongy.
