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Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The sebaceous glands, skin, and nails make up the __________ system?
A. nervous
B. cardiovascular
C. sensory
D. integumentary

A

D. integumentary

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2
Q

The heart, lymphatic organs, and blood vessels are in the __________ system?
A. respiratory
B. cardiovascular
C. digestive
D. urinary

A

B. Cardiovascular

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3
Q

The liver, stomach, mouth, and pancreas are in the _________ system?
A. reproductive
B. sensory
C. digestive
D. muscular

A

C. digestive

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4
Q

The bladder, urethra, kidneys, and ureters are in the _________ system?
A. urinary
B. reproductive
C. respiratory
D. muscular

A

A. urinary

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5
Q

In the human body, the senses include all of the following EXCEPT?
A. ears
B. eyes
C. teeth
D. nose

A

C. teeth

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6
Q

The brain, nerves, and spinal cord are in the ________ system?
A. skeletal
B. nervous
C. sensory
D. endocrine

A

B. nervous

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7
Q

The trachea, nose, lungs, and pharynx are in the ___________ system?
A. skeletal
B. respiratory
C. nervous
D. sensory

A

B. Respiratory

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8
Q

Tendon, joints, bones, and cartilages are in the _________ system?
A. skeletal
B. integumentary
C. muscular
D. endocrine

A

A. skeletal

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9
Q

The upper middle area of the abdomen is called the _________
A. hypogastric region
B. epigastric region
C. umbilical region
D. no correct answer

A

B. epigastric region

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10
Q

The lower middle area of the abdomen is called the _________
A. hypogastric region
B. epigastric region
C. umbilical region
D. no correct answer

A

A.
hypogastric region

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11
Q

The central middle area of the abdomen is called ____________
A. hypogastric region
B. epigastric region
C. umbilical region
D. no correct answer

A

C. umbilical region

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12
Q

The humerus is located in the __________
A. leg
B. arm
C. back
D. neck

A

B. arm

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13
Q

The pubis is located in the _________\
A. pelvis
B. chest
C. neck
D. foot

A

A. pelvis

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14
Q

The femur is located in the _________
A. leg
B. arm
C. foot
D. neck

A

A. leg

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15
Q

The fibula is located in the ___________
A. leg
B.arm
C. foot
D. hand

A

A. leg

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15
Q

The patella is located in the ________
A. knee
B. elbow
C. neck
D. head

A

A. knee

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16
Q

The ulna is located in the _________
A. back
B. foot
C. leg
D. arm

A

D. arm

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16
Q

The tibia is located in the __________
A. foot
B. arm
C. back
D. leg

A

D. leg

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17
Q

The radius is located in the ____________
A. arm
B. leg
C. foot
D. hand

A

A. arm

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18
Q

The maxilla is located in the ____________
A. head
B. foot
C. chest
D. arm

A

A. head

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19
Q

The metatarsals are located in the _________
A. foot
B. hand
C. leg
D. arm

A

A. foot

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20
Q

The metacarpals are located in the _____________
A. foot
B. hand
C. back
D. chest

A

B. hand

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21
Q

The name for the collar bone is ___________
A. carpals
B. clavicle
C. fossa
D. femur

A

B. clavicle

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21
Q

The smaller of the lower leg bones is called ________
A. fibula
B. tibia
C. patella
D. femur

A

A. Fibula

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22
Q

The zygomatic bone is located in the ________
A. head
B. chest
C. leg
D. knee

A

A. head

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23
Q

The mandible bone is located in the ________
A. chest
B. head
C. foot
D. leg

A

B. head

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24
Q

The sphenoid bone is located in the __________
A. foot
B. chest
C. leg
D. head

A

D. head

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25
Q

The vertebrae are located in the ___________
A. head
B. back
C. leg
D. arm

A

B. back

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26
Q

Bones are ___________?
A. meant to be pliable and bend easily
B. built to provide support & structure
C. filled with carbon dioxide
D.solid, sturdy calcium structures

A

B. built to provide support & structure

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27
Q

The study of bones is called ___________
A. osteology
B. morphology
C. neurology
D. no correct answer

A

A. osteology

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28
Q

The majority of the bones in the arms and legs are __________ bones.
A. short
B. long
C. flat
D. irregular

A

B. long

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29
Q

Bones of the wrist and ankle are called _________ bones.
A. long
B. short
C. flat
D. sesamoid

A

B. short

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30
Q

The muscle that flexes and supinates the forearm is called _____________
A. deltoid
B. biceps branchii
C. rectus femoris
D. vastus laterais

A

B. biceps brachii

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31
Q

The major artery to the head is called the ___________
A. brachial
B. carotid
C. ulnar
D. renal

A

B. carotid

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32
Q

The major artery that supplies the abdomen is called the __________ artery.
A. celiac
B. cartoid
C. brachial
D. renal

A

A. celiac

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32
Q

One of the arteries that supplies the hand and forearm is called the _________
A. intercostal
B. ulnar
C. brachial
D. renal

A

B. ulnar

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33
Q

The major artery that supplies the thorax is called the ___________ artery.
A. renal
B. intercostal
C. radial
D. aorta

A

B. intercostal

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34
Q

The major artery that supplies the kidney is called the _____________ artery.
A. celiac
B. renal
C. ulnar
D. brachial

A

B. renal

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35
Q

The major artery that supplies the bladder, rectum, and some reproductive organs is called the ______________
A. iliac
B. celiac
C. carotid
D. unlar

A

A. iliac

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36
Q

The major artery that supplies the upper arm is called the __________
A. brachial
B. carotid
C. ulnar
D. iliac

A

A. brachial

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37
Q

The major artery that supplies the knee is called the __________
A. popliteal
B. dorsalis pedis
C. ulnar
D. carotid

A

A. popliteal

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38
Q

The major artery that supplies the foot is called the _________
A. dorsalis pedis
B. popliteal
C. iliac
D. renal

A

A. dorsalis pedis

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39
Q

The major vein that drains the upper arm is called the ___________
A. jugular
B. brachial
C. cephalic
D. femoral

A

B. brachial

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40
Q

The major vein that drains blood from the head and brain is called the _______
A. jugular
B. vertebral
C. cephalic
D. ulnar

A

A. jugular

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41
Q

The major vein that drains the liver is called the ________
A. hepatic
B. axillary
C. ulnar
D. femoral

A

A. hepatic

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42
Q

The major vein that drains the kidneys is called the _______
A. hepatic
B. renal
C. cephalic
D. femoral

A

B. renal

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43
Q

The major vein that drains the pelvis is called the ______
A. common iliac
B. hepatic
C. renal
D. ulnar

A

A. common iliac

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44
Q

The point at which air enters the respiratory tract is called the ________
A. larynx
B. lung
C. nasal cavity
D. bronchus

A

C. nasal cavity

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45
Q

The wind pipe which conducts air enters the larynx and lungs is called the _________
A. larynx
B. pharynx
C. trachea
D. lungs

A

C. trachea

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46
Q

The divisions of the trachea which enter the lungs are called the ________
A. phaynx
B. trachea
C. bronchi
D. larynx

A

C. bronchi

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47
Q

Located between the pharynx and trachea, and containing the vocal cords is the ________
A. larynx
B. pharynx
C. nasal cavity
D. trachea

A

A. larynx

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48
Q

A condition of the nasal septum turning away from midline is called ___________
A. sinusitis
B. deviated septum
C. dislocated sinus
D. nasal polyp

A

B. deviated septum

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49
Q

The medical name for nose bleed is called __________
A. epistaxis
B. sinusitis
C. pleurisy
D. coryza

A

A. epistaxis

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50
Q

Inflammation of the sinus cavity is called __________
A. sinusitis
B. epistaxis
C. asthma
D. emphysema

A

A. sinusitis

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51
Q

Inflammation of the pleura is called _________
A. pneumonia
B. pleurisy
C. atelectasis
D. pleural effusion

A

B. pleurisy

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52
Q

Escape of fluid into the thoracic cavity is called ___________
A. pulmonary edema
B. pleural effusion
C. emphysema
D. pneumonia

A

B. pleural effusion

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53
Q

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa results in ___________
A. nasal polyps
B. sinusitis
C. rhinitis
D. pleurisy

A

C. rhinitis

54
Q

An accumulation of air in the pleural cavity after the lungs collapse is known as ___________
A. pneumonia
B. pneumothorax
C. asthma
D. pleural effusion

A

B. pneumothorax

55
Q

Whooping cough is another name for __________
A. croup
B. pertussis
C. pleurisy
D. pneumonia

A

B. pertussis

56
Q

Inflammation of the mucus lining of the vagina is called ___________
A. phlegmon
B. vaginitis
C. pyorrhea
D. thrush

A

B. vaginitis

57
Q

Inflammation of the gums is called __________
A. stomatitis
B. gingivitis
C. dental inflammation
D. thrush

A

B. gingivitis

58
Q

Lesions of the mucous membrane of the stomach are called ________ ulcers?
A. gastric
B. intestinal
C. duodenal
D. follicular

A

A. gastric

59
Q

A serious chronic disease of the liver is called ___________
A. hiatal hernia
B. cirrhosis
C. chloecystitis
D. pancreatitis

A

B. cirrhosis

60
Q

Chronic inflammation of the colon is called __________
A. colitis
B. colonitis
C. pancreatitis
D. no answer correct

A

A. colitis

61
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder is called ___________
A. cystitis
B. colitis
C. diverticulitis
D. cholecystitis

A

D. cholecystitis

62
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas is called ____________
A. pancreatitis
B. colitis
C. diverticculitis
D. cholecystitis

A

A. pancreatitis

63
Q

Inflammation of the appendix is called ___________
A. pancreatitis
B. appendicitis
C. cholecystitis
D. diverticulitis

A

B. appendicitis

64
Q

Dilated veins that occur in the rectum are known as __________
A. hemorrhoids
B. hepatitis
C. hernias
D. no correct answer

A

A. hemorrhoids

65
Q

When the internal environment of the body is functioning properly, a condition of _____________ exists.
A. homeostasis
B. dysfunction
C. hemorrhage
D. euphoria

A

A. homeostaisis

66
Q

The science of the function of cells, tissues, and organs of the body is called _________
A. physiology
B. anatomy
C. histology
D. gross anatomy

A

A. physiology

67
Q

The lateral movement of the limbs away from the median plane of the body, is called _____________
A. extension
B. internal rotation
C. abduction
D. supination

A

C. abduction

68
Q

An extrauterine pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum begins to develop outside the uterus is called __________
A. eclampsia
B. toxemia
C. ectopic
D. PID

A

C. ectopic

69
Q

The second portion of the small intestine is called the __________
A. decalvant
B. sigmoid
C. duodenum
D. jejunum

A

D. jejunum

70
Q

One of the vital functions of the long bones is the formation of the ____________
A. white blood cells
B. red blood cells
C. calcium
D. cellulite

A

B. red blood cells

71
Q

A unilateral paralysis that follows damage to the brain is called __________
A. hemiplegia
B. quadriplegia
C. paraplegia
D. sciatica

A

A. hemiplegia

72
Q

The use of ultrasound to produce a picture of the structure of the heart is called _____________
A. cardiac catherization
B. a cardiac stress test
C. echocardiography
D. electrocardiography

A

C. echocardiography

73
Q

Digestion begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with a substance called ____________
A. amino acid
B. saliva
C. fatty acid
D. no correct answer

A

B. saliva

74
Q

The lining of the duodenum is composed of thousands of tiny finger-like projections called __________
A. ulcers
B. villi
C. hemorrhoids
D. hernias

A

B. villi

75
Q

Infected pressure sores on the skin are called __________
A. decubitus ulcers
B. carbuncles
C. furuncles
D. decubitus blisters

A

A. decubitus ulcers

75
Q

Varicose veins of the anal canal or outside the external sphincter are called ____________
A. hemorrhoids
B. villi
C. peritonitis
D. diarrhea

A

A. hemorrhoids

76
Q

Carcinogenic means ____________ causing.
A. diarrhea
B. disease
C. cough
D. cancer

A

D. Cancer

77
Q

A weakness in the walls of muscle that allows underlying tissue to push through it is called ___________
A. an ulcer
B. a hernia
C. a hemorrhoid
D. diarrhea

A

B. a hernia

78
Q

Inflammation of the retina is ___________
A. retinitis
B. peritonitis
C. colitis
D. hernia

A

A. retinitis

78
Q

A gallbladder disorder involving stones in the gallbladder is ______________
A. cholecystitis
B. interstinal obstruction
C. hepatitis
D. cholelithiasis

A

D. cholelithiasis

79
Q

Foods that are mild in flavor and easy to digest (non-spicy) comprise a _______________
A. clear liquid diet
B. low calorie diet
C. diabetic diet
D. bland diet

A

D. bland diet

80
Q

A tube inserted into one of the patients nostrils and down the back of the throat, through the esophagus until the end reaches the patients stomach is a (n) ___________
A. test tube
B. nasogastric tube
C. irrigation tube
D. no correct answer

A

B. nasogastric tube

81
Q

Washing out of the stomach through a nasogastric tube is called _____________
A. gavage
B. lavage
C. both a and b
D. no correct answer

A

B. lavage

82
Q

The healthy adult excretes daily approximately _____________ of urine.
A. 1000 to 1500 milliliters
B. 5 to 100 milliliters
C. 4000 to 6000 milliliters
D. 100 to 500 milliliters

A

A. 1,000 to 1,500 milliliters

83
Q

The inability to control the passage of urine in the bladder is called ___________
A. specimen
B. urine analysis
C. urinary incontinence
D. dripping

A

C. urinary incontinence

84
Q

Painful voiding is called _____________
A. urine burn
B. dysuria
C. hydronephrosis
D. cystitis

A

B. dysuria

85
Q

If the septum of the heart has an abnormal opening it is referred to as _________
A. stenosis
B. a septal defect
C. phlebitis
D. a heart murmur

A

B. a septal defect

86
Q

Branches of the bundle branches, which transmit the impulses to the walls of the ventricles, causing the ventricles to contract are called ____________
A. bundle of his
B. purkinje fibers
C. left bundle branches
D. right bundle branches

A

B. purkinje fibers

87
Q

A coronary occlusion causing a condition that produces chest pain which may radiate to the left arm, shoulder, jaw or neck due to lack of blood supply to the heart is called _____________
A. angina pectoris
B. arteriolosclerosis
C. atherosclerosis
D. hypertension

A

A. angina pectoris

88
Q

An obstruction of the coronary artery causing death of an area of the myocardium due to blockage of blood supply and oxygen supply is called ______________
A. hypertension
B. myocardial infraction
C. arteriosclerosis
D. primary hypertension

A

B. myocardial infraction

89
Q

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium of the _____________
A. vena cava
B. lung
C. heart
D. pharynx

A

C. heart

90
Q

When the right atrium contracts it forces blood through the tricuspid valve into the __________ ventricle.
A. left
B. top
C. right
D. inner

A

C. right

91
Q

The right ventricle pumps the used blood to the lungs by the way of the _______________ artery.
A. superior
B. vena cava
C. pulmonary
D. atria

A

C. pulmonary

92
Q

which is not considered a function of the cell membrane?
A. Cell-cell membrane
B. nutrient uptake
C. nutrient metabolism
D. waste excretion

A

C.nutrient metabolism

93
Q

what structure makes up the majority of the plasma membrane?
A. protein
B.phospholipid
C. cholesterol
D. glycolipid

A

A. protein

94
Q

which molecule passes through the cell membrane via simple diffusion?
A. carbon dioxide
B. sodium
C. potassium
D. amino acids

A

A. carbon dioxide

95
Q

which cellular organelle is involved in energy projection in the cell?
A. endoplasmic reticulum
B. golgi apparatus
C. vacuole
D. mitochondrion

A

D. mitochondrion

96
Q

which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins for export — acting like “the post office” in the cell?
A. nucleolus
B.endoplasmic reticulum
C. golgi apparatus
D. peroxisome

A

C. golgi apparatus

97
Q

what molecule is not part of the DNA nucleoride?
A. nucleoside base
B. ribose
C. deoxyribose
D. phosphate

A

B. ribose

98
Q

after transcription occurs, what is the molecule that is created?
A. DNA
B. protein
C. amino acid
D. mRNA

A

D. mRNA

99
Q

which enzyme is specifically involved in the transcription process?
A. RNA polymerase
B. DNA replicase
C. DNA helicase
D. DNA ligase

A

A. RNA polymerase

100
Q

what type of ribonucleic acid (RNA) is responsible for putting the amino acids together in the ribosome?
A. mRNA
B. rRna
C. ribozymes
D. tRNA

A

D. tRNA

101
Q

where in the cell does translation normally take place?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleolus
D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

B. Ribosome

102
Q

which tissue type has the greatest degree of intracellular connection?
A. muscle tissue
B. connective tissue
C. nerve tissue
D. epithelial tissue

A

D. epithelial tissue

103
Q

what type of intercellular junction allows for communication and exchange of nutrients between two epithelial cells?
A. gap junctions
B. adhering junctions
C. tight junctions
D. desmosomes

A

A. gap junctions

104
Q

which muscle is considered voluntary?
A. intestinal muscle
B. neck muscle
C. heart muscle
D. aortic muscle

A

B. neck muscle

105
Q

what type of tissue is not considered electrically excitable?
A. cardiac muscle
B. nervous tissue
C. smooth muscle
D. glandular tissue

A

D. glandular tissue

106
Q

what body area does not contain ciliated columnar epithelium?
A. bronchi
B. uterus
C. fallopian tubes
D. mouth

A

D. mouth

107
Q

what type of epithelial is found lining the mouth?
A. stratified columnar
B. stratified squamous
C. simple columnar
D. transitional

A

B. stratified squamous

108
Q

in which area of the body can transitional epithelium be found?
A. upper esophagus
B. stomach
C. kidneys
D. bladder

A

D. bladder

109
Q

what type of epithelial tissue is found in the aveoli of the lungs?
A. squamous
B. cubodial
C. columnar
D. pseudostratified

A

A. squamous

110
Q

which type of cells are contractile in normal muscle tissue?
A. reticular cells
B. fibroblasts
C. lymphocytes
D. myocytes

A

D. myocytes

111
Q

what is only a feature of cardiac muscle and not of smooth skeletal muscle?
A. intercalated discs
B. sarcomeres
C. striations
D. multiple nuclei

A

A. intercalated discs

112
Q

what is the most superficial layer of the skin?
A. stratum basale
B. stratum lucidum
C. stratum spinosum
D. stratum corneum

A

D. stratum corneum

113
Q

which layer of the skin is only seen in whats known as “thick skin” on the palms and the soles?
A. stratum corneum
B. stratum spinosm
C. stratum lucidum
D. stratum basale

A

C. stratum lucidum

114
Q

what cell type is not seen in the stratum basale of the skin?
A. merkel cell
B. keratinocyte
C. melanocyte
D. basal cell

A

B. keratinocyte

115
Q

which protein gives skin its “hardness”
A. eleiden
B. keratohyalin
C. keratin
D. collagen

A

C. keratin

116
Q

which layer is not technically a part of the skin?
A. epidermal layer
B. reticular layer
C. hypodermal layer
D. papillary layer

A

C. hypodermal

117
Q

which protein protects the skin from UV damage?
A. keratin
B. hemoglobin
C. melanin
D. collagen

A

C. melanin

118
Q

whichstructure is the most external in the hair follicle?
A. hair root
B. internal root sheath
C. external root sheath
D. glassy matrix

A

D. glassy matrix

119
Q

which hair growth phase occurs when the new hair follicle first develops?
A. late anagen
B. early anagen
C. catagen
D. telogen

A

B. early anagen

120
Q

which is not a characteristic of the apocrine sweat glands?
A. it lies deeper then the eccrine glands
B. it secretes pheremones
C. it is accociated with a hair follicle
D. it is the main gland responsible for thermoregulation in the body

A

D. it is the main gland responsible for thermoregulation in the body

121
Q

in the skin, there are many receptors. what do the pacinian corpuscles detect?
A. pain
B. vibration
C. light touch
D. temperature

A

B. Vibration

122
Q

what type of bone category involves the carpal bones?
A. sesamoid bone
B. long bone
C. flat bone
D. short bone

A

D. short bone

123
Q

which structure is not considered a hole in the bone?
A. fossa
B. fovea
C. sulcus
D. tuberosity

A

D. tuberosity

124
Q

which bone cell has mitotic activity and actually divides?
A. osteoclast
B. osteoblast
C. osteogenic cell
D. osteocyte

A

C. osteogenic cell

125
Q

which nutrient makes up the majority of bony tissue?
A. calcium
B. fluoride
C. magnesium
D. phosphorus

A

A. calcium

126
Q

which hormone is most responsible for decreasing calcium concentration in the bloodstream?
A. thyroxine
B. calcitonin
C. parathyroid hormone
D. growth hormone

A

B. calcitonin

127
Q

which bone does not make up the brain case?
A. ethmoid bone
B. sphenoid bone
C. maxillary bone
D. occipital bone

A

C. maxillary bone

128
Q

how many lumbar vertabrae are there?
A. 5
B. 7
C. 12
D. 15

A

A. 5

129
Q

what bone is not considered a part of the appendicular skeleton?
A. humerus
B. sacrum
C. pelvis
D. femur

A

B. sacrum

130
Q

which type of bone is the scapula?
A. Long bone
B. seasmoid bone
C. irregular bone
D. flat bone

A

D. flat bone

131
Q

which protein get acted on in order to cause muscle contraction?
A. actin
B. myosin
C. tropomyosin
D. troponin

A

A. actin

132
Q

which connective tissue surrounds the entire muscle in order to give it integrity as the muscle contracts?
A. endomysium
B. fascicle
C. epimysium
D. perimysium

A

C. epimysium

133
Q

which neuotransmitter or chemical messenger is present at the neuromuscular junction?
A. acetylcholine
B. serotonin
C. dopamine
D. GABA

A

A. acetylcholine

134
Q
A

Medical Assistant (14 decks)

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