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Anatomy > Anatomy Pathology > Flashcards

Anatomy Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Displacement of distal segment of radius POSTERIORLY

A

Dinner/silver fork deformity

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2
Q

Displacement of distal segment of radius ANTERIORLY

A

Smiths fracture

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3
Q

Distal radial fracture, fragment dorsally placed

A

Colles

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4
Q

Distal radial fracture, fragment ventrally placed

A

Smiths

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5
Q

Pain and tenderness localized over the anatomic snuffbox

A

Scaphoid fracture

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6
Q

Most commonly dislocated carpal bone

A

Lunate

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7
Q

Dislocation may cause CTS

A

Lunate

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8
Q

Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone

A

Bennett

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9
Q

Fracture of the neck of the second and third metacarpal

A

Boxer

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10
Q

Inability to stand on tip toes, paresthesis on skin of posterior leg, sole and lateral foot

A

Tibial nerve lesion

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11
Q

Foot drop, steppage gait, pain and paresthesia in the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot

A

Common peroneal nerve lesions

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12
Q

Weakness in eversion, pain and paresthesia in dorsal aspect of foot

A

Superficial peroneal/ fibular nerve lesions

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13
Q

Foot drop and paresthesia in skin of the webbed space between the great toe and second toe

A

Deep peroneal/ fibular nerve lesions

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14
Q

The terrible triad

A

Tibial collateral ligament, meadial meniscius and ACL

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15
Q

Unhappy triad of Donoghue

A

ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus

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16
Q

Forward sliding of the tibia on the femur

A

Anterior drawer sign (ACL rapture)

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17
Q

(backward sliding of the tibia on the femur)

A

Posterior drawer sign- PCL ligament rapture

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18
Q

Tibia is bent or twisted laterally; collapse of lateral compartment of the knee

A

Knocke knee/ Genu valgum- rapture of medial/ tibial collateral ligament

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19
Q

Tibia is bent medially, collpase of medial compartment of the knee

A

Bowleg(genu varium)-rupture of lateral/ fibular collateral ligament

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20
Q

Ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, intention tumor

A

Posterior lobe syndrome

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21
Q

Marked gait instability

A

Anterior lobe syndrome

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22
Q

Truncal ataxia

A

Flocculonodular lobe syndrome

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23
Q

Lesion in supramarginal sinus

A

Tactile agonosia

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24
Q

Lesion in BA 22

A

Auditory agnosia

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25
Q

Results form damage to the contralateral subthalamic nucleus

A

Hemibalismus

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26
Q

Collar bone of scottie dog

A

Spondylolysis

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27
Q

Fish mouth vertebra

A

Sickle cell anemia

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28
Q

Bamboo spine

A

Ankylosing spondylosis

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29
Q

Damage to a motor neurons w/in ventral gray horn

A

Werndig hoffman disease

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30
Q

Damage to a motor neurons within ventral and lateral corticospinal tract (UMN and LMN)

A

Lou gerhig disease

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31
Q

Sensory pathways of dorsal column is affected

A

Tabes dorsalis

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32
Q

damage to dorsal columns and lat corticospinal and spinocerebellar tract

A

Vit B12 neuropathy

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33
Q

Transection above c4 leads to

A

Quadriplegia

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34
Q

Most common intramedullary tumor of the spinal cord

A

Ependymoma

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35
Q

Grade III acromioclavicular sublaxation

A

Piano key sign

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36
Q

Most common site for clavicular fracture

A

Middle 3rd

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37
Q

Severe distal traction of the radius

A

Nursemaid elbow

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38
Q

Gamekeeper thumb

A

Disruption of ulnar collateral ligament of the MP joint of the thumb

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39
Q

Contraction of forearm muscles

A

Volkmann ischemic contracture

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40
Q

Thickening and contracture of palmar aponeurosis leading to progressive flexion of fingers

A

Dupuytren contracture

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41
Q

Idiopathic AVN of femur, presents as unilateral hip pain, slight external rotation and a limp

A

Legg- Perthes disease

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42
Q

Pott fracture

A

Eversion injury

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43
Q

Fibular fx+avulsion of medial malleolus

A

Pott fracture

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44
Q

Fracture of distal portion of tibia

A

Ski boot injury

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45
Q

Also called lover’s fracture

A

Calcaneal fracture

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46
Q

Fx sustained from jumping a great height, usually involves subtalar jt and fx of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck

A

Lover’s fracture

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47
Q

Fx/dislocation at the tarsometataraal jt

A

Lisfrane injury

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48
Q

Common injury sustained when a bicyclist’s foot is caught in pedal clips

A

Lisfrane injury

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49
Q

Most common site for aneurysm

A

Anterior communicating artery

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50
Q

Severe pain due to thalamic damage

A

Thalamic syndrome of Dejerine and Roussy (PCA occlusion)

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51
Q

Blood vessel affected in epidural hemorrhage

A

Middle meningeal artery

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52
Q

Lucid interval, lens shaped(biconvex) hyperdensity on CT

A

Epidural

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53
Q

Blood vessels affected in subdural hemorrhage

A

Superior cerebral veins(bridging veins)

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54
Q

Crescent shaped hyperdensity on CT

A

Subdural hemorrhagr

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55
Q

Bv involved in SAH

A

Cerebral artery, communicating arteries

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56
Q

Worst headache of my life,

A

SAH

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57
Q

BV involved in extracranial hemorrhage

A

Emissary veins, branches of superficial, temporal and occpital arteries

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58
Q

Black eye cranial CT

A

Extracranial hge

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59
Q

Sweating whenever a person eats

A

Frey syndrome

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60
Q

Tearing whenever a person eats

A

Crocodile tears syndrome

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61
Q

Most common herniation

A

Transtentorial

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62
Q

In arnold chiari malformation

A

Foramen magnum herniation

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63
Q

Difficulty elevating trunk, difficulty using crutch, latissimus dorsi is affected

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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64
Q

Maybe injured as a result of dislocation of the head of the humerus; or by a fracture in the surgical neck of the humerus

A

Axillary nerve

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65
Q

Loss of rounder contour of shoulder, weakness in abduction, weakness in lateral rotation

A

Axillary nerve lesion

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66
Q

Weakness in flexion of arm at elbow and in supination

A

Musculocutaneous nerve lesions

67
Q

Wrist drop

A

Radial nerve

68
Q

Hand of benidiction/ ape hand

A

Median nerve lesion

69
Q

Supracondylar fx of humerus; hand of benediction

A

Proximal lesiont

70
Q

Ape hand; lunate dislocation, CTS

A

Distal median nerve lesion

71
Q

May result due to medial epicondyle fx of the humerus

A

Ulnar nerve lesion

72
Q

Fracture at hook of hamate

A

Distal lesion- Ulnar nerve lesion

73
Q

Claw hand

A

Ulnar nerve lesion

74
Q

Axillary artery is the continuation wc artery

A

Subclavian

75
Q

Divides the axillary artery into 3 parts

A

Tendon of pectoralis minor

76
Q

Results to weakened abduction of the thigh by gluteus medius ; waddling gait

A

Superior gluteal nerve injury

77
Q

Trendelenburg sign

A

Superior gluteal nerve injury

78
Q

Weakness in ability to laterally rotate and extend the thight at hip joint, difficulty climbing stairs or rising from a chair

A

Inferior gluteal nerve injury

79
Q

A muscle irritates and places pressure on the sciatic nerve causing pain in the buttocks and referring pain along the course of the sciatic nerve

A

Pirifomis syndrome

80
Q

Pain and paresthesia in the skin of the medial aspect of the leg and foot

A

Saphenous nerve lesions

81
Q

Most commonly lesioned in the pelvis

A

Obturator nerve lesion

82
Q

Major supply of the head of the femur

A

Medial femoral circumflex

83
Q

Dislocation of femur usually occurs in which direction

A

Posterior

84
Q

Skull fx at pterion may lacerate which artery

A

Middle meningeal

85
Q

Laceration of middle meningeal artery may cause?

A

Epidural or extradural hematoma

86
Q

Horizontal fx superior to maxillary alveolar process

A

Le Fort I

87
Q

Fx at posterolateral parts of the maxillary sinuses; central part of the face separated from cranium

A

Le fort II

88
Q

Horizontal fracture that passes through the superior orbital fissures, ethmoid and nasal extender to greater wingbof sphenoid; maxilla and zygoma seperated from cranium

A

Le Fort III

89
Q

Due to premature closure of saggital suture

A

Scaphocephaly

90
Q

“Aka tower skull”

A

Oxycephaly, acrocephaly

91
Q

Premature closure of coronal suture

A

Oxycephaly, acrocephaly

92
Q

Premature closure of coronal and lambdoid suture

A

Plagiocephaly

93
Q

3 primary brain vesicles are

A

Prosencephalon,mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

109
Q

Ptosis and mydriasis

A

Oculmotor

110
Q

Esotropia

A

Abduent

111
Q

Found jn superior colliculus

A

Oculomotor

112
Q

Found in inferior colliculus

A

Trochlear nerve

113
Q

Leads to blindness of the right eye(lesion)

A

Right optic nerve

114
Q

Lesion leads to bitemporal hemianopsia

A

Optic chiasm

115
Q

Lesions leads to right nasal hemianopsia

A

Right angle of chiasm

116
Q

Lesions leads to left homonymous hemianopsia

A

Right optic tract

119
Q

Spinal cord terminates at what level

A

L1-L2

120
Q

Lumbar puncture is done at

A

L4-L5

121
Q

Corpus striatum consists of

A

Caudate nucleus + lentiform nuclei

122
Q

Striatum consists of

A

Caudate nucleus+ puta

123
Q

Due to degeneration of substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s diesease

124
Q

Manifests due to degeneration of striatum

A

Chorea

125
Q

Results from damage to contralateral subthalamic nucleus

A

hemibalismus

126
Q

Most common location of berry aneurysms

A

Anterior part of Circle of Willis (ant communicatig, posterior communicating, or MCA)

131
Q

CSF is produced where?

A

Choroid plexus

132
Q

Rate of production of csf

A

0.5ml/min

133
Q

Normal csf pressure

A

60-150

134
Q

Total volume of csf

A

130-150

145
Q

Difficulty in sliding the heel in one foot

A

Anterior (cerebellar lobe syndrome)

146
Q

Dysmetria, dysdiadochokiesia, ataxia

A

Posterior lobe syndrome

147
Q

“Motor disability”

A

Apraxia

148
Q

Spinal cord hemisection

A

Brown sequard

149
Q

In brown sequaerd all manifestations are ipsilateral except

A

Pain and temperature(contralateral)

150
Q

Attacks anterior horn cells leading to LMNL

A

Poliomyelitis

151
Q

Caused by neurosyphilis, dorsal root involvement with secondary degeneration of dorsal columns (loss of position and sense of vibration)

A

Tabes dorsalis

152
Q

Pure motor disease involving degeneration of anterior horn cells (LMNL) and corticospinal tract(UMNL)

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

153
Q

Caused by vitamin B12 deficency; degeneration of posterior and lateral columns(loss of position sense and vibration in legs associated with UMNL)

A

Subacute combined degeneraton

154
Q

Progressive cavitation around the central canal; leading to loss of pain and temperature sensations in hands and forearm

A

Syringomyelia

155
Q

Spinal shock can be determined by testing for the activity of

A

Sphincter reflex

156
Q

Damage to this portion of the spinal cord may result to paralysis of all four extremities

A

Quadriplegia : C4-C6

157
Q

Non fusion of the embryonic halves of the vertebral arches

A

Spina bifida

158
Q

Spina bifida with no clinical manifestation, only with the presence of a small dimple with a tuft of hair

A

Occulta

159
Q

Severe type of spina bifida

A

Cystica

160
Q

The lumbar triangle of petit (ext oblique, lattisimus, iliac crest) is prone to what pathology?

A

Lumbar hernia

161
Q

Degeneration of pedicles of lumbar vertebrae

A

Spondylolisthesis

162
Q

Formation of bone spurs and osteophytes

A

Spondyloses

163
Q

Ossification of annulus fibrosus

A

Ankylosing spondylytis

164
Q

Right eye cant look left, left eye nystagmus, convergence is intact

A

Right medial longitudinal fasciculus

165
Q

Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease

A

TGA

166
Q

Chronic stree fracture of pars interarticularis

A

Spondylolysis

167
Q

Pedicles of lumbar vertebra degenerates or fail to develop

A

Spondylolisthesis

168
Q

Vertebrae affected in spondylolisthesis

A

Degen: L4-L5; congenital: L5-S1

169
Q

Degenerative process, formation of bone spurs and osteophytes

A

Spondylosis

170
Q

Nucleus pulposus usually herniates where?

A

Posterolaterraly

171
Q

Hyperflexion of cervical ganglion

A

Tearsrop

172
Q

Compression of cervical region

A

Jefferson

173
Q

Hyperextension of cervical region

A

Hangman

174
Q

Hyperflexion of thoracic or lumbar region

A

Chance

175
Q

Injury when: diving into shallow waters, whiplash

A

Teardrop

176
Q

Injury when: there is force applied to the top of the head

A

Jefferson

177
Q

Injury when: hanging chin strikes the dashboard

A

Hangman

178
Q

Seat belt injury

A

Chance

179
Q

Most common tumor of the SC

A

Ependymoma

180
Q

Dumbell shaped tumors associated with NF2

A

Schwannomas

181
Q

Tumors that are remnants of the notochord

A

Chordomas

182
Q

Most common extradural tumor

A

Metastatic

183
Q

Transillumination test is for what condition

A

Hydrocele

184
Q

Left renal vein may be compressed by an aneurysm of

A

SMA (crosses anterior to the aorta)

185
Q

Accounts for most cases of extrahepatic obstruction of biliary system

A

Pancreatic head CA

186
Q

Part of GB, common site of an impacted gallstone

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

187
Q

Most common location of appendix

A

Retrocecal

188
Q

Nerve commonly injured in appendectomy

A

Iliohypogastric

189
Q

BPH usually involves which region

A

Periurethral zone

190
Q

Prostate CA(adenocarcinoma) usually involve which part of the prostate

A

Peripheral part of prostate in the main pancreatic glands(posterior) part

191
Q

Musculocutaneos nerve may be compressed as it passes through wc muscle

A

Coracobrachialis

192
Q

Clavicular fx hemorrhage may be due to wc vein

A

Subclavian

193
Q

Femoral nerve may be damaged in te abdomen by abscess of

A

Psoas major

194
Q

Most commonly injured nerve in the pelvis

A

Obturator nerve

Anatomy (31 decks)

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