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Medicine > Anatomy of upper limb > Flashcards

Anatomy of upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Shoulder joint - synovial ball and socket joint
Articulation between scapula (glenoid fossa) and proximal humerus

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2
Q

Elbow joint

A

Synovial hinge joint allowing flexion and extension of forearm
Articulation of distal humerus with radius and ulna

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3
Q

Proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

A

Synovial joints allowing pronation and supination of forearm and hand

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4
Q

Radiocarpal joint

A

Synovial (wrist) joint formed by articulation between distal radius and 2 of the carpal bones

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5
Q

5 movements of scapula

A

Retraction
Protraction
Elevation
Depression
Rotation (tilts glenoid fossa aiding movement of upper limb)

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6
Q

Movement of:
Radioulnar joints

A

Pronation (palm down)
Supination (palm up)

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7
Q

Articulation of clavicle

A

Sternum at medial end (sternoclavicular joint)
Acromion of scapula at lateral end (acromioclavicular joint)

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8
Q

Ridge of posterior scapula separating infraspinatus fossa from supraspinatus fossa

A

Spine of scapula

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9
Q

What comprises the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle, scapula and attached muscles

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10
Q

Groove in head of humerus named…

A

Anatomical neck

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11
Q

Deltoid attachment and movement

A

Attaches to humerus (deltoid tuberosity - anterolateral) and to lateral part of clavicle and spine of scapula
Powerful abductor after the first 20degrees of abduction

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12
Q

Radial groove of humerus

A

Marks path radial nerve follows and runs over the posterior part of the upper humeral shaft

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13
Q

The 2 large superficial muscles of the posterior pectoral girdle

A

Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi

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14
Q

Where does latissimus Dorsi attach to the upper limb

A

Proximal end of the anterior humerus

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15
Q

3 smaller, deeper muscles that attach medial scapula to vertebral column

A

Levator scapulae
Rhombus minor
Rhombus major

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16
Q

Which is the only muscle associated with posterior pectoral girdle doesn’t attach vertebral column to scapula?

A

Latissimus dorsi - attaches at vertebral column and proximal end of humerus

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17
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Accessory nerve (XI)

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18
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (branch of brachial plexus)

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19
Q

7 movements possible at shoulder joint

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Circumduction

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20
Q

6 muscles attaching scapula to humerus

A

Deltoid
(S)upraspinatus (rotator cuff)
(I)nfraspinatus (rotator cuff)
(T)eres Minor (rotator cuff)
(S)ubscapularis (rotator cuff)
Teres Major

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21
Q

Innervation of deltoid

A

Axillary nerve (branch of brachial plexus)

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22
Q

Teres Major attachment

A

Arises from posterior scapula attaching to anterior humerus

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23
Q

What 3 rotator cuffs originate from posterior clavicle surface and insert onto greater tubercle of humerus?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor

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24
Q

Which rotator cuff originates from anterior surface of scapula and inserts onto lesser tubercle of humerus?

A

Subscapularis

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25
Q

Olecranon

A

Part of the ulna that cups the lower end of the humerus to create a hinge joint

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26
Q

Quadrilateral space borders and its relevance

A

Teres minor above, teres major below
Long head of triceps medially and surgical neck of humerus laterally
Axillary nerve travels through this space to enter the posterior scapula region

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27
Q

Although there is a poor fit of articular surfaces in the shoulder, stability is maintained by…

A

-Contraction of rotator cuff muscles holding head of humerus in the glenoid cavity

-Rotator cuff tendons fuse with capsule of shoulder joint

-Glenoid labrum - rim of fibrocartilage surrounding margin of glenoid fossa deepening the shallow fossa

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28
Q

What separates the posterior and anterior compartments of the arm?

A

The lateral and medial intermuscular septa

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29
Q

Insertion point of triceps brachii

A

All 3 heads converge via a common tendon onto the olecranon of the ulna

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30
Q

Long head of triceps origin

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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31
Q

Lateral head of triceps origin

A

Posterior humerus proximal to radial groove

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32
Q

Medial head of triceps origin

A

Posterior humerus distal to radial groove

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33
Q

All 3 parts of triceps innervated by…

A

Radial nerve (major terminal branch of brachial plexus)

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34
Q

Axillary nerve motor fibres inervate…

A

Deltoid
Teres Minor

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35
Q

Axillary nerve sensory fibres innervate…

A

Patch of skin over upper lateral arm

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36
Q

Shaft of humerus expands distally to form 2 bony prominences called the…

Distal to this, the humerus bears further prominences…

A

Medial and lateral epicondyles

Trochlea (medially) and capitellum (laterally) which articulate with trochlear notch of ulna and head of radius respectively at elbow

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37
Q

6 anatomical boundaries of the axilla

A

Anterior wall - pectoralis major and minor

Posterior wall - subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi

Lateral wall - Upper humerus

Medial wall - serratus anterior and chest wall

Apex - 1st rib, clavicle and scapula

Base - skin and fascia between chest wall and arm

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38
Q

Axillary lymph nodes and what do they drain?

A

5 groups of lymph nodes that drain upper limb, chest wall, breast, scapular region and abdominal region as far as umbilicus

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39
Q

What nodes receive lymph from all other lymph nodes in the axilla?

A

The apical nodes

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40
Q

Axillary artery is the continuation of the… which travels under the … into the axilla

A

Subclavian artery which travels under the clavicle into the axilla

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41
Q

Axillary artery continues into the arm to become the brachial artery as it crosses the…

A

Inferior border of teres major

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42
Q

Axillary vein formed by union of…
What does the axillary vein then flow into?

A

Deep veins of the arm with the basilic vein
Runs alongside the axillary artery back into the subclavian veins

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43
Q

What is contained within the axilla?

A

Fat
Lymph nodes
Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Brachial plexus

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44
Q

Brachial Plexus and its originating nerves

A

Complex network of nerves that provide motor and sensory innervation of the upper limb

Formed by spinal nerves C5-8 and T1

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45
Q

Trunks of the brachial plexus

A

C5 and C6 combine to form SUPERIOR TRUNK
C7 continues as MIDDLE TRUNK
C8 and T1 combine to form INFERIOR TRUNK
(all trunks located in neck)

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46
Q

Divisions of the brachial plexus

A

Each trunk divides into an anterior and posterior division under the clavicle

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47
Q

Cords of brachial plexus

A

LATERAL CORD - anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks

POSTERIOR CORD - posterior divisions of all trunks combine

MEDIAL CORD - continuation of anterior division of inferior trunk

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48
Q

5 branches of brachial plexus (located in axilla)

A

AXILLARY - branch from posterior cord

RADIAL - continuation of posterior cord

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS - branch from the lateral cord

ULNAR - branch from medial cord

MEDIAN - formed by branches from the lateral and medial cords

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49
Q

Axillary nerve

A

Innervates deltoid and teres minor
And small region of skin over upper lateral arm
Branch of posterior cord
Runs close to surgical neck of humerus (vulnerable to surgical neck fractures)

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50
Q

Radial nerve

A

Innervates triceps, and all muscles in posterior forearm (extensors of wrist and digits)
Continuation of posterior cord
Runs along radial groove of posterior humerus (vulnerable to mid-shaft fractures)

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51
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve (what does it innervate? where does it arise from?)

A

Innervates the 3 anterior arm muscles (BBC- Biceps, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis)
Continues as sensory nerve innervating region of skin over forearm
Arises from lateral cord

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52
Q

Median nerve (what does it innervate? where does it arise from?)

A

Innervates most muscles in anterior forearm (flexors for wrist and digits)
Innervates skin in lateral aspect of the palm (thumb and next 2 fingers
Formed by contributions from medial and lateral cords

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53
Q

Where is the median nerve most vulnerable?

A

As it crosses the anterior elbow at the cubital fossa

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54
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Innervates most small muscles in hand (fine movement of digits)
Innervates skin over medial aspect of palm (pinky and one next to it)
Its a continuation of the lateral cord

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55
Q

Where is the ulnar nerve most vulnerable?

A

Behind the medial epicondyle as its in a superficial position

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56
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Most superficial muscles in anterior arm
Long head - supraglenoid tubercle origin
Short head - apex of coracoid process of scapula

Insertion into deep fascia of forearm

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57
Q

Proximal attachments of biceps brachii

A

Long head - to the supraglenoid tubercle
Short head - to the coracoid process

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58
Q

2 muscle bellies of biceps brachii converge onto a common tendon attaching to…

A

The radial tuberosity on the radius

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59
Q

Bicep movement

A

Flexion of elbow
Flexion of shoulder joint
Supination of forearm when elbow is flexed

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60
Q

Brachialis attachments and movement

A

Proximally - Anterior aspect of lower shaft of humerus
Crosses elbow joint to attach:
Distally - Upon the ulna tuberosity
Flexor of elbow

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61
Q

Coracobrachialis attachments and movement

A

Proximally - coracoid process
Distally - medial aspect of mid-humerus
Acts upon shoulder joint as weak flexor

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62
Q

What is the Cubital fossa?

A

Triangular shaped region anterior to elbow joint

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63
Q

Contents of cubital fossa

A

Tendons of biceps brachii (can be palpated easily when elbow flexed)

Bicipital aponeurosis (extension of biceps tendon separating superficial veins from deeper structures)

Brachial artery (medial to biceps tendon and in the cubital fossa it bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries)

Median nerve (medial to brachial artery travelling anteriorly)

Radial nerve (through lateral aspect of cubital fossa deep to brachioradialis)

Superficial veins (lie in subcutaneous tissue of cubital fossa and using for venepuncture - so mustn’t accidentally puncture brachial artery or median nerve

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64
Q

Origin and insertion of trapezius

A

Origin - skull, cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Insertion - Clavicle and scapula (spine and acromion)

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65
Q

Origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

Origin - Lower thoracic vertebrae

Insertion - Humerus (upper anterior)

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66
Q

Origin and insertion of levator scapulae

A

Origin - Upper cervical vertebrae

Insertion - Medial scapula border

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67
Q

Origin and insertion of rhomboid minor

A

Origin - C7 and T1

Insertion - Medial scapula border

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68
Q

Origin and insertion of rhomboid major

A

Origin - Thoracic vertebrae
Insertion - Medial scapula border

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69
Q

How do rhomboid major and minor move the scapula?

A

Retracts

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70
Q

How does the trapezius move the scapula?

A

Upper part elevate
Middle part retracts
Lower part depresses
(rotates scapula)

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71
Q

Latissimus dorsi movement

A

Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus

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72
Q

Deltoid action, origin from scapula, and insertion

A

Abduction beyond 20degrees

Spine and acromion (plus clavicle)

Deltoid tuberosity

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73
Q

Teres major action at shoulder joint, origin from scapula and insertion

A

Medial rotation and adduction

Posterior surface, inferior part of lateral border

Anterior humerus

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74
Q

Supraspinatus action at shoulder, origin from scapula and insertion

A

First 20degrees abduction

Supraspinous fossa

Greater tubercle - superior facet

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75
Q

Infraspinatus action at shoulder, origin from scapula and insertion

A

Lateral rotation

Infraspinous fossa

Greater tubercle - middle facet

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76
Q

Teres minor action at shoulder, origin from scapula and insertion

A

Lateral roation

Lateral scapula border

Greater tubercle - inferior facet

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77
Q

Subscapularis action at shoulder, origin form scapula and insertion

A

Medial rotation

Subscapular fossa

Lesser tubercle

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78
Q

What connects the radius and ulna?

A

Interosseous membrane

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79
Q

Attachment of radius to humerus

A

Radial head articulates with capitellum of humerus

80
Q

Attachment of ulna to humerus

A

Trochlea notch of ulna articulates with trochlea of humerus

81
Q

Articulations of radius with ulna

A

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints (allowing pronation and supination)

82
Q

Distal articulation of radius

A

With scaphoid and lunate of proximal carpus forming the radiocarpal joint (wrist joint)

83
Q

Movement of the radiocarpal/wrist joint

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

84
Q

Carpus composition

A

8 small bones roughly arranged into 2 rows of 4 bones (1 proximal, 1 distal)

85
Q

Proximal row of carpal bones from lateral to medial comprises…

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral and pisiform (pisiform not a true carpal bone)

86
Q

Distal row of carpal bones from lateral to medial comprises…

A

Trapezium (base of thumb)
Trapezoid
Capitate (central and largest carpal bone)
Hamate

87
Q

The hook of the hamate

A

Anterior bony process of the hamate bone that can be palpated

88
Q

Boundaries of cubital fossa

A

Brachioradialis laterally
Pronator teres medially
Superiorly - line drawn between medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus

89
Q

Contents of cubital fossa

A

Biceps tendon
Median nerve
Brachial artery (bifurcating in fossa into radial and ulnar arteries)
Superficial veins

90
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are divided into…

A

Superficial, middle and deep layers
8 muscles
Most act as flexors of wrist/fingers/thumb
Most innervated by median nerve

91
Q

Superficial muscle layer of anterior forearm from lateral to medial comprises… (4)

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

92
Q

Superficial muscles of anterior forearm attach proximally to…

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

93
Q

Action of pronator teres

A

Pronator of proximal radioulnar joint

94
Q

Action of flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

A

Flexes and abducts the wrist inserting onto radial side of wrist (hence name)

95
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Small muscle belly but long, thin, easily recognised tendon when present (not present in 15%)
Inserts into fascia of palm of hand

96
Q

Role of flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)

A

Flexes and adducts the wrist
Inserts onto ulnar side of wrist (hence name)
Exception to rule as it’s innervated by ulnar nerve not median nerve

97
Q

Muscles in the middle layer of the anterior forearm

A

Just 1 muscle: Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

98
Q

Role of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

A

Flexor of the digits (can deduce it’s 4 tendons travel beyond wrist and to fingers)

99
Q

2 muscles the median nerve travels between in the anterior forearm

A

FDS and FDP

100
Q

Muscles in deep layer of anterior compartment of forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

101
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) position and role

A

Lies deep to FDS and also gives rise to 4 tendons travelling into fingers
Flexor of the digits

102
Q

Innervation of FDP

A

Lateral half of muscle innervated by median nerve (gives rise to tendons travelling to index and middle fingers)

Medial half of muscle innervated by ulnar nerve (gives rise to tendons travelling to ring and little fingers)

103
Q

Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) role

A

Flexes thumb

104
Q

Pronator quadratus role

A

Lies over distal end of radius and ulnar pronating the distal radioulnar joint

105
Q

All anterior forearm muscles innervated by…
Except from…

A

Median nerve

FCU and medial half of FDP which are innervated by ulnar nerve

106
Q

Carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway at the wrist. What are it’s boundaries?

A

Floor and sides - carpal bones
Roof - Flexor retinaculum (fibrous band) which attaches to the scaphoid and trapezium laterally and hook of hamate and pisiform meidally

107
Q

Tendons of anterior forearm muscles that travel through carpal tunnel to insert onto digits

A

FDS (4 tendons, digits 2-5)
FDP (4 tendons, digits 2-5)
FPL (1 tendon, 1st digit / thumb)

108
Q

Which nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve

109
Q

Bifurcation of brachial artery in cubital fossa into…

A

Radial artery - travels along lateral aspect of forearm
Ulnar artery - travels along medial aspect of forearm

110
Q

Radial and ulnar arteries anastomose in palm to form…

A

Palmar arches

111
Q

There are superficial and deep veins in upper limb which all ultimately drain into…

A

Axillary vein

112
Q

2 important superficial veins of upper limb

A

Cephalic vein - courses laterally in forearm
Basilic vein - courses medially

113
Q

Where and what connects the basilic and cephalic veins?

A

The median cubital vein connects the 2 in the cubital fossa

114
Q

How are metacarpals (distal to carpus) numbered?

A

1-5 from lateral (thumb) to medial (little finger)

115
Q

Phalanges

A

3 phalanges each finger (digits 2-5) and 2 phalanges in the thumb (digit 1)
3 phalanges of fingers named proximal, middle and distal
2 phalanges of thumb named proximal and distal

116
Q

Carpometacarpal joints (CMCJs)

A

Lie between distal row of carpal bones and proximal parts of metacarpals

117
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPJs)

A

Lie between distal parts (heads) of metacarpals and proximal phalanges

118
Q

Interphalangeal joints (IPJs)

A

Lie between phalanges (fingers have a proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and distal interphalangeal joint (DIP))

119
Q

3 types of grip brought about by hand

A

Power grip - hold/squeeze objects tightly
Hook grip - carrying objects with handles (bags)
Precision grip - hold objects between pads of thumb and index finger (pen)

120
Q

4 movements of fingers

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction

121
Q

5 movements of thumb

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Opposition

122
Q

3 Primary flexors of wrist and their insertion

A

Flexor carpi radialis (inserts onto 2nd metacarpal)
Flexor carpis ulnaris (inserts onto 5th metacarpal)
Palmaris longus (inserts into palmar fascia)

123
Q

3 primary flexors of digits

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
(they travel through carpal tunnel)

124
Q

Tendon of FDS

A

Splits into 2 slips which insert either side of middle phalanx of digits 2-5 (flexes MCP and PIP joints of 2-5)

125
Q

Tendon of FDP

A

Passes through slit in FDS tendon inserting onto palmar aspect of distal phalanx (2-5)
Flexes DIP, PIP and MCP joints of digits 2-5

126
Q

Tendon of FPL

A

Inserts onto distal phalanx of thumb flexing IP joint of thumb (only muscle that can do so)

127
Q

Flexor tendon sheaths (of the upper limb)

A

Fibrous sheaths enclosing long flexor tendons which maintain position of flexor tendons in midline of each finger

128
Q

Within fibrous sheaths, tendons enclosed in…

A

A synovial sheath reducing friction and allowing tendons to slide freely within their fibrous sheath during flexion/extension

129
Q

4 groups and 1 single intrinsic muscles of hand

A

Thenar eminence (3 muscles)
Hypothenar eminence (3 muscles)
Lumbricals (4 muscles)
Interossei (7 muscles)
Remaining muscle is a muscle of the thumb called adductor pollicis

130
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand are innervated by…

A

Ulnar and median nerves

131
Q

Thenar eminence

A

Fleshy mass on palm of hand at base of thumb containing 3 muscles:
Flexor pollicis bravis (FPB) - flexes thumb
Abductor pollicis brevis (APB) - abducts thumb
Opponens pollicis (OP) - opposes the thumb
(all innervated by recurrent branch of median nerve)

132
Q

Flexor Pollicis Bravis (FPB) movement, insertion and innervation

A

Flexion
Proximal phalanx
Recurrent branch of median nerve

133
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis (APB) movement, insertion and innervation

A

Abduction
Proximal phalanx (lateral aspect)
Recurrent branch of median nerve

134
Q

Opponens pollicis (OP) movement, insertion and innervation

A

Opposition
1st metacarpal
Recurrent branch of median nerve

135
Q

Recurrent branch of median nerve leaves the median nerve…

A

after the carpal tunnel

136
Q

Adductor pollicis also moves the thumb but isn’t considered in the thenar eminence because…

A

Lies deep in palm, not in thenar eminence
Innervated by ulnar nerve
Attached to 3rd metacarpal pulling thumb towards palm

137
Q

Hypothenar eminence

A

Fleshy mass on medial side of palm containing 3 muscles which act on little finger:

Flexor digiti minimi (FDM) - flexes little finger
Abductor digiti minimi (ADM) - abducts little finger
Opponens digiti minimi (ODM) - opposes little finger
(all innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve)

138
Q

Flexor digiti minimi (FDM) movement, insertion and innervation

A

Flexion
Proximal phalanx of little finger
Deep branch of ulnar nerve

139
Q

Abductor digiti minimi (ADM) movement, insertion and innervation

A

Abduction
Proximal phalanx
Deep branch of ulnar nerve

140
Q

Opponens digiti minimi (ODM) movement, insertion and innervation)

A

Oppositon
5th metacarpal
Deep branch of ulnar nerve

141
Q

Lumbricals

A

4 (1 for each finger)
Arise from tendons of FDP and insert onto dorsal aspects of digits 2-5
They flex MCP joints and simultaneously extend IP joints

142
Q

Innervation of Lumbricals

A

Lateral 2 (2 and 3) innervated by median nerve
Medial 2 (4 and 5) innervated by ulnar nerve

143
Q

Interossei

A

Muscles attached to and lie between metacarpals inserting onto dorsal aspects of digits 2-5

3 palmar interosseous muscles (1-3) (adduction and contribution to extension at IP joints)
4 dorsal interosseous muscles (1-4) (abduction and contribution to extension at IP joints)

144
Q

Movement of palmar interossei muscles

A

Adduction of the fingers (and contribution to extension at IP joints)

145
Q

Movement of the dorsal interossei muscles

A

Abduction of the fingers (and contribution to extension at IP joints)

146
Q

1st palmar interosseous arises from…
And inserts onto…

A

Arises from medial side of 2nd metacarpal
Inserts onto medial aspect of 2nd proximal phalanx

147
Q

2nd palmar interosseous arises from…
Inserts onto…

A

Arises from lateral side of 4th metacarpal
Inserts onto lateral aspect of 4th proximal phalanx

148
Q

3rd palmar interosseous arises from…
Inserts onto…

A

Arises from lateral side of 5th metacarpal
Inserts onto lateral aspect of 5th proximal phalanx

149
Q

1st dorsal interosseous arises from…
Inserts onto…

A

Arises from medial side of 1st metacarpal and lateral side of 2nd metacarpal
Inserts onto lateral aspect of 2nd proximal phalanx

150
Q

2nd dorsal interosseous arises from…
Inserts onto…

A

Arises from medial side of 2nd metacarpal and lateral side of 3rd metacarpal
Inserts onto medial aspect of 3rd proximal phalanx

151
Q

3rd dorsal interosseous arises from…
Inserts onto…

A

Arises from medial side of 3rd metacarpal and lateral side of 4th metacarpal
Inserts onto medial aspect of 3rd proximal phalanx

152
Q

4th dorsal interosseous arises from…
Inserts onto…

A

Arises from medial side of 4th metacarpal and lateral side of 5th metacarpal
Inserts onto medial aspect of 4th proximal phalanx

153
Q

Small muscles of the hand are only innervated by 2 nerves…

A

Median and Ulnar nerve
The radial nerve supplies no muscles in the hand

154
Q

Structures that cross the wrist but superficial to flexor retinaculum (outside of the carpal tunnel)

A

Tendons of FCR, FCU and PL
Radial artery
Ulnar artery and ulnar nerve

155
Q

Where is sensation tested for the median nerve?

A

Palmar surface of middle finger

156
Q

Where is sensation tested for the ulnar nerve?

A

Medial border of hand

157
Q

Where is sensation tested for radial nerve?

A

Dorsum of the hand, lateral aspect

158
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Region of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

159
Q

Testing dermatomes of C5 in the upper limb

A

Upper lateral arm

160
Q

Testing dermatomes of C6 in upper limb

A

Thumb

161
Q

Testing dermatomes of C7 in upper limb

A

Middle Finger

162
Q

Testing dermatomes of C8 in upper limb

A

Medial border of hand

163
Q

Testing dermatomes of T1 in upper limb

A

Medial border of arm

164
Q

2 arteries supplying the hand

A

Radial and ulnar arteries

165
Q

Palpating radial artery

A

Lateral aspect of wrist

166
Q

Palpating ulnar artery

A

Medial aspect of wrist (may be partially covered by tendon of FCU making it harder to palpate than radial pulse)

167
Q

Radial and ulnar arteries anastomose deep in palm to form 2 palmar arches…

A

Superficial palmar arch - formed largely by ulnar artery with small contribution from radial

Deep palmar arch - formed largely by radial with small contribution from ulnar

(arches give rise to metacarpal and digital arteries)

168
Q

3 general statements about muscles of posterior forearm

A

Arranged in 2 layers - superficial and deep
Mostly extensors of wrist, digits, thumb
All innervated by radial nerve

169
Q

6 superficial muscles of posterior forearm from lateral to medial

A

Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

170
Q

Common extensor origin

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

171
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Lies on boundary between posterior and anterior compartments
Originates from humerus, proximal to lateral epicondyle
Inserts on distal radius
Acts as weak flexor of elbow (acts as anterior compartment muscle but innervated by radial nerve)

172
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) insertion and action

A

2nd metacarpal
Extend and abduct wrist

173
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) insertion

A

3rd metacarpal
Extend and abduct wrist

174
Q

Extensor digitorum (ED) insertion and action

A

Extends the digits via 4 long tendons that insert onto dorsal aspects of fingers
Tendons connected by fibrous bands making it difficult to fully extend the middle or ring fingers independently

175
Q

Extensor digiti minimi (EDM) action and insertion

A

Extends little finger via insertion onto dorsum of little finger

176
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) action and insertion

A

Extends and adducts wrist via insertion onto 5th metacarpal
Most medial of superficial muscles

177
Q

Tendons of the posterior forearm travel under what through the wrist?

A

Extensor retinaculum

178
Q

5 muscles of deep posterior forearm from lateral to medial

A

Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis

179
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB) action and insertion

A

Extends the MCP joint of the thumb by inserting onto the proximal phalanx of the thumb

180
Q

Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) action and insertion

A

Extends the interphalangeal joint of the thumb by inserting onto distal phalanx

181
Q

Extensor Indicis (EI) insertion and action

A

Inserts onto dorsum of index finger allowing independent extension of this digit

182
Q

All posterior forearm muscles are extensors except for…(3)

A

Brachioradialis
Supinator
Abductor Pollicis Longus

183
Q

Name of the superficial veins of the dorsum of the hand. What do these veins drain into?

A

Dorsal venous network
Drain into cephalic vein laterally and basilic vein medially

184
Q

What are the extensor expansions?

A

Fibrous structures overlying dorsal aspect of the digits

Attaches to base of proximal phalanx giving rise to a central slip and 2 marginal slips

Central slip inserts on middle phalanx
Marginal slips converge on distal phalanx

185
Q

Tendons of what muscles insert into dorsal aspect of extensor expansion?

A

Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Indicis
Extensor Digiti Minimi

186
Q

Tendons of what muscles insert into the sides of the proximal parts of the extensor expansion?

A

Lumbricals
Insterossei
(via this attachment, they contribute to extension of IP joints in fingers)

187
Q

What is the Anatomical Snuffbox (ASB)?

A

Triangular-shaped depression at lateral aspect of wrist seen when thumb is extended

Boundaries:
Tendon of EPL medially
Tendons of EPB and APL laterally

Superficial branch of radial nerve runs over ASB to supply skin over lateral aspect of dorsum of hand

188
Q

Posterior compartment of forearm blood supply

A

Ulnar artery

189
Q

A superficial branch of radial nerve innervates the skin over…

A

Lateral aspect of dorsum including skin over ASB and over dorsum of lateral 3.5 digits as far as DIP joint

190
Q

The Shoulder Joint

A

Synovial ball and socket formed by articulation of glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus

191
Q

The Elbow Joint

A

Synovial hinge joint formed by articulation between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna, and capitellum of humerus and radial head

192
Q

The Proximal and Distal Radioulnar Joints

A

Synovial, pivot-type joints between radius and ulna
Radius rotates around the ulna
Anular ligament of radius attaches to ulna holding radial head in place

193
Q

Wrist Joint and Carpus

A

Condyloid synovial joint formed by articulation of distal radius with scaphoid and lunate

194
Q

Joints of the Hand are all…

A

Synovial

195
Q

First carpometacarpal (CMC) joint lies between…

A

Trapezium and 1st metacarpal
Saddle joint

196
Q

Metacarpophalangeal Joints are…

A

Condyloid Joints

197
Q

Interphalangeal Joints are…

A

Hinge joints

Medicine (14 decks)

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