Anatomy of the skull Flashcards
What is the difference between neurocranium and viscerocranium?
Neurocranium- cranium vault. Protects brain and attachment for muscles
Viscerocranium- facial skeleton.
Which two bones make up the base of the cranial vault>
Ethmoid and sphenoid
What travels through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?
Olfactory nerve
Where does the coronal suture run?
Between frontal and parietal bones
Where does the sagittal suture run?
Between the two parietal bones
Where does the lambdoid suture run?
Between parietal and occipital bones
Where is the pterion?
4 bones meet
What are the two main parts of the temporal bone and where are they located?
Squamous part: makes up outside skull
Petrous part: makes ledge on inside skull
Name the three processes of the temporal bone
Zygomatic process
Mastoid process
Styloid processe
What does the zygomatic process contribute to?
Zygomatic arch
What attaches to the mastoid process?
Sternocleidomastoid
What canals are on temporal bone?
External and internal auditory meatus
What do the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone make up?
GREATER: makes up the external skull
LESSER: makes up ledge in skull
What projects down from the sphenoid bone and what attaches to them
The pterygoid plates. Pterygoid muscles attach here
What canals/ foramen are found on sphenoid bone?
Optic foramen
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
What can be found on inside of sphenoid and what is the function of these structure(s)?
Anterior clinoid processes and inferior clinoid processes
Attachment points of dura mater
What are the two layers of the dura mater?
Periosteal layer and meningeal layer
What is the difference between the periosteal and meningeal layer of the dura mater?
The periosteal layer sticks to the skull all the way but the meningeal layer pulls away
What is the purpose of the projections of the meningeal layer?
Helps divide up the brain
What does falx cerebri separate?
Left and right
What does the tentorium cerebeli separate?
Temporal and cerebral
What fills the dural venous sinus?
Venous blood
Name the facial bones
Lacrimal, nasal, inferior conchae, vomer, maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, palatine
Which bones contribute towards the orbit?
Frontal, maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, zygomatics
What does the orbit house?
Eyeball, extraocular muscles and associated vascularisation
What makes up the bony skeleton of the oral cavity
maxilla, mandible, palatine
Which parts of the nasal cavity are cartilaginous?
Anterior part
What bones make up the exterior of nasal cavity?
Septal cartilage, ethmoid, vomer
What bones make up the interior of the nasal cavity?
Suprerior, middle and inferior conchae
What is the function of superior, middle and inferior conchae
Moisten and warm the air before it enters resp. system
Describe structure of paranasal sinuses
Hollow spaces within frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones. These bones are linked by membrane mucous
What is the function of the fontanelle’s in foetal skull
growth of brain and flexibility of skull during birth
What is the location of the anterior cranial fossa?
Front of lesser wing of sphenoid bone
What is the location of the middle cranial fossa?
Lesser wing to petrous temporal
Where does the middle meningeal artery run?
Through external skull and dura mater, just beneath the pterion
Where does internal jugular vein enter skull?
Through jugular foramen
Describe the course of the interal carotid artery?
Carotid canal
Carotid canal enters foramen and runs through petrous temporal
Reaches foramen laterum
Reaches hairpin bend in cavernous sinus
