Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HEAD AND NECK > Anatomy Of The Scalp And Face > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Scalp And Face Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ is the soft tissue layer of the skull

A

scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Scalp extends from the ________ to the ________

A

Suprior Nuchal Line, Superior Orbital Ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Extent of the scalp covers the vault of the skull & extends to the right & left ___________, the eye brows and the ___________.

A
  1. temporal lines,

2. superior nuchal lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The layers of the Scalp:

A 
S –skin;
C- connective tissue; (dense)
A- aponeurosis
L- loose connective tissue;
P- pericranium.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the skin of the scalp is the thickest in the body and especially at the ________ region

A

occipital region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The skin of the scalp bears the hair follicles (hairiest), richly supplied by __________

NB: It is the commonest site of sebaceous cysts in the body.

A

sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The Connective tissue layer (dense) of the scalp consists of ____1_____ bound in tough fibrous septa + ____2___ of the scalp lie in this layer

A
  1. lobules of fat

blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______ has the richest cutaneous blood supply of the body

A

The Connective tissue layer (dense)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Connective tissue layer (dense) has the richest cutaneous blood supply of the body hence there is profuse ____1_____ from a ____2_____or operation site.

A

(1) haemorrhage

(2) scalp laceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vein of the scalp connect with the intracranial venous sinuses via numerous ___________ which pierce the skull & link the 2 venous sinuses with the _________ btw the skull vault

A
  1. emissary veins

2. diploic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vein of the scalp connect with the intracranial venous sinuses via numerous emissary veins which pierce the skull & link the 2 venous sinuses with the diploic veins btw the skull vault

thus

.»> superficial infection of the scalp may spread via this system resulting in an ____1____ , ____2____ & _____3_____

A
  1. Osteitis of skull
  2. Meningitis
  3. Venous sinus thrombosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

__________ is a fibromuscular layer of the Occipitofrontalis

A

APONEUROSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Aponeurosis is ____1___ over the dome of the skull but ___2___ in the occipital & frontal regions

A
  1. fibrous

2. muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Aponeurosis of the Occipitofrontalis muscle

  1. Arise : _____________
  2. Insert: _____________
A
  1. from the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

2. Into the zygomatic arch & anteriorly into the subcutaneous tissues of the eyebrows & nose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The Aponeurosis of the Occipitofrontalis muscle

arises from the _______1____ of the occipital bone & insert into the ____2____ & anteriorly into the subcutaneous tissues of the eyebrows & nose.

A
  1. superior nuchal line

2. zygomatic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____________ lies beneath the aponeurosis & accounts for the mobility of the scalp on the underlying bone.

A

The loose connective tissue layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Blood or pus collecting in this loose tissue track freely under the scalp but cannot pass into either the occipital or subtemporal regions because of the attachments of the ____________.

A

occipitofrontalis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

________________ adheres to the suture lines of the skull

A

The Periosteum or Pericranium layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

___________ does not cross sutural line unlike caput succedaneum.

A

Cephalhaematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This region of the scalp is supplied by branches of the ___________

NB: except for the forehead which is supplied by the supra-orbital & supra-trochlear arteries.

A

External carotid artery

NB: except for the forehead which is supplied by the supra-orbital & supra-trochlear arteries.

21
Q

Branches from External Carotid:

5.

A
  1. superficial temporal artery; (anterior & posterior branches)
  2. middle temporal artery
  3. transverse facial artery
  4. posterior auricular artery
  5. occipital artery
22
Q

Branches from External Carotid:

  1. superficial ________artery; (anterior & posterior branches)
  2. middle ______ artery
  3. transverse ______ artery
  4. posterior ________ artery
  5. _______ artery
A
  1. Temporal
  2. temporal facial
  3. facial
  4. auricular
  5. occipital
23
Q

Clinical importance for the scalp:

The arteries of the scalp ____1____ freely with each other & those of the opposite side, therefore, wounds of the scalp bleed profusely, but ____2___.

A
  1. anastomose

2. heal fast

24
Q

Clinical importance for the Arteries of the scalp:

A

These arteries of the scalp anastomose freely with each other & those of the opposite side, therefore, wounds of the scalp bleed profusely, but heal fast.

25
Q

The The scalp is drained by the following veins:

6.

A
  1. Facial vein
  2. superficial temporal vein
  3. middle temporal vein
  4. posterior auricular vein
  5. occipital vein
  6. Emissary veins
26
Q

Facial vein is formed by the union of the_____ + _____veins

Mnemonic: SUPRA T and SUPRA O - Veins

A

supratrochlear + supra-orbital

27
Q

Retromandibular vein - anterior and posterior branches is formed by the union of the ________ + _________ veins

Mnemonic : Superficial and Middle T - Veins

A

Superficial temporal + middle temporal veins

28
Q

Internal Jugular Vein
is formed by the union of the _______ + _______veins

Mnemonic: AR, F - Veins

A

Anterior branch of Retromandibular + Facial Veins

29
Q

External Jugular Vein is formed by the union ______ + _____veins

Mnemonic PR, PA - Veins

A

Posterior branch of Retromandibular + Posterior Auricular veins

30
Q

Clinical importance for the veins of the scalp:

These veins + other emissary veins have communications with veins in the ___1___ & form routes along which ___2___ may spread into the skull from outside the skull.

A
  1. orbits,

2. infection

31
Q

Innervation oft the scalp:

The superficial structures of this region & of the face receive:

MOTOR innervation = ____1____

SENSORY innervation= _______+ _________

SYMPATHETIC innervation to: _______, ______, _______

A
  1. Facial nerve
  2. Trigeminal nerve + 2nd & 3rd cervical spinal nerves.
  3. blood vessels, sweat glands & arrectores pilorum
32
Q

Innervation oft the scalp:

The superficial structures of this region & of the face receive:

MOTOR innervation = Fa__al nerve &

SENSORY innervation= Trigeminal nerve + 2nd & 3rd ____ spinal nerves. +

SYMPATHETIC innervation to: blood vessels, sweat glands & ____________

A
  1. Facial Nerve
  2. cervical
  3. arrectores pilorum
33
Q

SENSORY INNERVATION OF THE SCALP
Is from 2 major sources: _________ or _________ nerves, depending on whether it is Anterior or Posterior to the ear & Vertex of the Head.

A

cranial or cervical nerves

34
Q

Anterior to the Ear & Vertex:
Supplied by branches of Trigeminal nerve (V) namely:

  1. _________ and ___________
  2. __________ and _______

Mnemonic

  1. SUPRA T and SUPRA O nerves
  2. Z- A Temporal nerves
A
  • supratrochlear and supra-orbital;

- zygomatico and Auriculo temporal nerves.

35
Q

Posterior to the Ear & Vertex:
the sensory innervation is by the cervical nerves especially branches from spinal cord levels C2 & C3 namely:

  1. __________ and _______
  2. ___________ and _________

Mnemonic

  1. G and L Auricular nerves
  2. G and 3 Occipital nerves
A
  1. great and lesser auricular Nerves

2. greater and the 3rd occipital nerves

36
Q

________ is that area of the anterior skull which lies between the supercilliary arches superiorly, the lower edge of the mandible inferiorly, and as far back as the ears on either side.

37
Q

_________ is that area of the front of the head between the ears and from the chin to the hairline (or where it ought to be).

38
Q

Clinical importance of the face:

3.

A
  1. is an important initial contact between individuals for identification (face-to-face meeting); (facial identification);
  2. used for facial expression to convey emotions;
  3. provides important information about an individual’s/ patient’s general health to the physician.
39
Q

-The skin of the face has numerous ___1____ and ____1___ glands It varies in thickness & is very thin on the eyelid.

A
  1. sweat and sebaceous glands.
40
Q

The muscles of the face develop from the mesoderm of the ________1_____ and are innervated by the branches of the ___________

A
  1. 2nd pharyngeal arch

2. Facial nerve (CN VII).

41
Q

muscle of the face are in the superficial fascia, with origins from either ______1______ and insertion into the skin.

A
  1. bone or fascia

2. skin

42
Q

Functions of the muscles of the Face:

1.

2.

A
  1. also called muscles of expression because they control expression of the face;
  2. they act as sphincter & dilators of orifices of the face i.e. orbits, nose & mouth.
43
Q

FUNCTIONAL GROUPING OF THE MUSCLES OF THE FACE INCLUDE:

A
  1. ORBITAL GROUP
  2. NASAL GROUP
  3. ORAL GROUP
  4. OTHER MUSCLES OR GROUPS
44
Q

Nasal group of Facial muscles:

Mnemonic: NPD

A
  1. NASALIS
    • TRANSVERSE PART ( Compress Nasal Aperture or Nostril)
    • ALAR PART (Flares or Open Nostrils)
  2. PROCERUS ( Draws medial eyebrow inferiorly)
  3. DEPRESSOR SEPTI ( Pulls Nose inferiorly)
45
Q

Oral group of Facial muscles:

A
  1. DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS and LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS ( Depress and Elevate Angle or conner of the mouth respectively)
  2. DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS and LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS ( Draws and Lift Upper lip down, up and laterally)
  3. MENTALIS ( Wrinkles Skin on chin)
  4. RISORIUS (Draw conner of mouth Laterally or Retract conner of mouth)
  5. ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR (Draw conner of mouth upwards and laterally) & MINOR (Draw or Rises upper lip upward)
  6. LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS ALAEQUE NASI (Elevate Nose and Upper Lip)
  7. ORBICULARIS ORIS (Close and Protrude Lips)
  8. BUCCINATOR (Presses Cheek against Teeth)
46
Q

Muscles of the face: OTHER MUSCLES OR GROUP:

Mnemonic: SAP (auricular) O

A
  1. SUPERIOR AURICULAR ( Elevates ear)
  2. ANTERIOR AURICULAR (Draw ear upwards and forward)
  3. POSTERIOR AURICULAR (Draw ear upwards and Backwards)
  4. OCCIPITOFRONTALIS
    - FRONTAL BELLY ( Wrinkles forehead and raises eyebrows)
    - OCCIPITAL BELLY ( Draws scalp backward)
47
Q

FACIAL NERVE (CN VII) MOTOR
Supplies muscles of the _____,____, and _____
Its branches communicate freely with each other & with the branches of the ___________

A
  1. face, scalp, & auricle.

2. Trigeminal nerve

48
Q

SCALP LACERATION
The scalp has an extremely rich blood supply from the _______1_____, so lacerations of the scalp tend bleed profusely.
Scalp bleeding is predominantly arterial because of 2 reasons:
First, in the erect position the venous pressure is extremely ___.

Second, the vessels do not ___3__ and __3____ when lacerated because the connective tissue in which they are found hold them open

A
  1. external carotid arteries
  2. low
  3. retract & close

HEAD AND NECK (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions