anatomy of the respiratory system Flashcards
what are the the primary functions
Serves many functions: Gas exchange pH regulation Speech Olfaction Also warms, filters and humidifies air
what is part of the upper, lower and accessory anatomy
Upper
Outside of thorax
Lower
In thorax
Accessory
Oral cavity, rib cage, diaphragm
what are sebaceous glands
oil glands
how is the nose separated from the mouth
Nose is separated from mouth by palatine bones
What is the Cribriform plate above and what bone is it part of?
What is its function?
Cribriform plate at the top of nose-above that is cerebral structure
Cribriform plate is part of ethmoid bone
- The plate provides support to the olfactory bulb which is perforated by foramina to serve as a passage to the olfactory nerves.
- The openings in the Cribriform Plate comprises of nerves that enable humans to smell
Composed of different structures: perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer bone, vomeronasal cartilage, septal nasal cartilage
what is the sequence of airflow?
through the nose into the pharynx—anterior naris to the vestibule to all three meatuses simultaneously and then to the posterior (internal) naris
Respiratory Mucosa are ___ in blood supply while Olfactory epithelium is ____ in olfactory nerve cells and a rich lymphatic plexus
Respiratory mucosa with rich blood supply
Olfactory epithelium – top of the nasal cavity, pale yellow
sensory membrane containing many olfactory nerve cells and a rich lymphatic plexus
What are paranasal cavities?
Para=each side of the nose
Air containing spaces with the purpose of lightening the weight of the skull
Anything that builds up in this area will move into nasal cavity.
Lined with respiratory mucus
Act as resonating chambers (speech)
Protection (produce mucus and traps it, cilia sweeps it out)
Where is the location of the…
Pharynx?
Nasopharynx?
Oropharynx?
Laryngopharynx?
Pharynx=throat
-Runs from base of skull
-Muscular tube
Regions of pharynx
Nasopharynx: part of throat behind the nasal cavity- contains pharyngeal tonsil
Oropharynx: part of throat behind oral cavity- other two tonsils exist here (palatine tonsils made up of lymphatic tissue), lingual tonsils: back of tongue
Laryngopharynx: part of throat found at the level of the larynx- larynx is voice box
What is the larynx composed of?
Nine cartilages attached to each other by muscle, with 3 largest being: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis (+ arytenoid)
What is the largest cartilage in the larynx?
What cartilage covers the trachea so that food doesn’t go into the esophagus?
What cartilage is the point of attachment for muscle?
What cartilage is the attachment for vocal chords?
Thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis (+ arytenoid)-cartilages
Thyroid cartilage: largest of all, also known as the “adam’s apple”
Epiglottis: covers the trachea so food goes into esophagus and not in trachea. Cartilage that moves over trachea when you swallow
Cricoid cartilage: point of attachment for muscle
Arytenoid : provide attachments for vocal cords- vocal cords attach to arytenoid cartilage of larynx.
The larynx is lined by a ciliated mucous membrane, which forms two pairs of vocal folds
What are they?
Which one is not a true vocal fold and why?
Which one is a true vocal fold and why?
Membrane that lined our larynx folds into two areas
Two pairs:
Vestibular folds: false vocal folds-contribute to chords but not speech
Vocal folds: true vocal folds- contribute to ability of speech
Folds created by folding of mucus membrane that lined larynx
IN THORACIC CAVITY
What are the functions of the trachea?
- Windpipe
- passage of air from outside to lungs
- Infront of esophagus
- Esophagus is posterior to trachea
- Blue structures represent cartilage rings
- Opening seen which means incomplete rings
- Incomplete for an important purpose- when food is swallowed, esophagus needs room to EXPAND.
-Made up of the same epithelial tissue with goblet cells and cilia present
What is the order of gas exchange/air passage
Primary bronchi enter the lung – secondary bronchi – bronchioles – terminal bronchioles – respiratory bronchioles – alveolar ducts – alveolar sacs
23 levels of branching
What is the function of alveoli
GAS EXCHANGE
- Where oxygen goes into our body, where we put it into our blood and where CO2 leaves.
- Sacs are surrounded by blood vessels
- Network of capillaries surrounding alveoli
- When we have air in here, we want it to get into our blood
- Pulmonary circulation- pulmonary arteries- arterioles- capillaries- venules- pulmonary veins- left atrium
- Walls are very thin in alveoli so diffusion is made easier
- O2 moving into blood vessels
- Respiratory membrane is made up of different structures FCS, epithelium, cap endothelium (specialized tissue of blood vessels)
- Many layers but still thin to allow for passage of O2 and CO2
