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3.2 Neuroanatomy > Anatomy of the PNS > Flashcards

Anatomy of the PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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2
Q

What is a collection of nerve cell bodies called in the CNS?

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

What is a collection of nerve cell bodies called in the PNS?

A

Ganglion

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4
Q

What produces the myelin sheath in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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5
Q

What produces the myelin sheath in CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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6
Q

What are the two main types of neurones?

A

Multipolar

Unipolar

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7
Q

Describe a multipolar neuron

A

2 or more dendrites
All motor neurones of skeletal muscle and ANS
Cell body found in CNS

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8
Q

Describe a unipolar neuron

A

Double process
Aka psedounipolar/sensory
Cell body found in PNS

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9
Q

In which direction do impulses travel in motor (efferent) nerves?

A

Impulse move towards the body wall, cavity or organ

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10
Q

In which direction do impulses travel in sensory (afferent) nerves?

A

Impulses move towards the brain

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11
Q

What can a nerve be defined as?

A

A collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels

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12
Q

What is another name for a nerve in the CNS?

A

Tract

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13
Q

What are the two modalities of nerves?

A

Single modality

Mixed modality

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14
Q

Give examples of nerves with single modality

A

Somatic motor, somatic sensory, special sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic, visceral afferent

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15
Q

Give examples of nerves with mixed modality

A

Somatic motor, somatic sensory and sympathetic all together in one nerve

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16
Q

Give examples of ‘named’ peripheral nerves

A

Trigeminal
Femoral
Radial

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17
Q

Where are CN I and II found?

A

Forebrain

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18
Q

Where is CN V found?

A

Pons

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19
Q

Where are CN VI, VII, VIII found?

A

Junction between pons and medulla

20
Q

Where are CN IX, X and XII found?

A

Directly from medulla

21
Q

Where is CN XI found?

A

Spinal cord

22
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

23
Q

Where are spinal nerves only ever found?

A

Intervertebral foramina

24
Q

From the spinal cord describe the path of the spinal nerve

A

Anterior and posterior rootlets converge to become anterior and posterior roots
The anterior and posterior root converge to become the spinal nerve
The spinal nerve then divides into anterior and posterior rami

25
Q

Describe the path that all sensory axons take

A

Sensory axons pass from spinal nerve into POSTERIOR root then into posterior rootlets then into posterior horn of spinal cord

26
Q

Describe the path that all motor axons take

A

Motor axons pass from anterior horn of spinal cord into anterior rootlets then into anterior root then into spinal nerve

27
Q

Which type of nerves pass through the spinal nerve?

A

Both sensory and motor!

28
Q

Each spinal nerve pair supplies a body segment with….

A

General sensory supply to all structures
Somatic motor supply to skeletal muscles
Sympathetic nerve supply to skin and smooth muscle of arterioles

29
Q

Do spinal nerves contain parasympathetic?

A

Never!

Only contain sympathetic nerves

30
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from single spinal nerve
Also supplies sensory innervation to deeper structures

31
Q

What is a myotome?

A

Skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from a single spinal nerve
May be deep to dermatome of same spinal nerve (not always)

32
Q

Give an example of a myotome that is not deep to the same dermatome

A

The diaphragm

Innervated by phrenic nerve- C3,4,5- the dermatome does not match the myotome on the surface

33
Q

What are 2 landmarks on the trunk of the dermatome map

A

Male nipple- T4 segment

Umbilicus- T10 segment

34
Q

Which dermatomes cover posterior scalp, neck and shoulder?

A

C2-C4

35
Q

Which dermatomes cover upper limb?

A

C5-T1

36
Q

Which dermatomes cover lower limb, gluteal region and perineum?

A

L2-S3

37
Q

Which spinal nerves form the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

38
Q

Which spinal nerves form the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

39
Q

Which spinal nerves form the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

40
Q

Which spinal nerves form the sacral plexus?

A

L5-S4

41
Q

Describe sympathetic outflow

A

Originates from autonomic control centres in brain, passes down spinal cord
Exits spinal cord with T1-L2 spinal nerves

42
Q

Where do presynaptic axons that innervate the heart originate?

A

Presynaptic axons synapse in T1 or cervical paravertebral ganglia

43
Q

Where do postsynaptic axons that innervate the heart synapse?

A

Postsynaptic axons pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic servers to the SA & AV nodes and the myocardium

44
Q

Describe parasympathetic outflow

A

Presynaptic parasympathetic axons leave CNS via cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X and sacral spinal nerves

45
Q

From the cranial and spinal nerves where does parasympathetic travel via?

A

Ciliary ganglion in eye
Parasympathetic ganglia in head- lacrimal gland and salivary gland
Vagus nerve- organs of neck, chest and abdomen
Sacral spinal nerves- handgun, pelvis and perineum

3.2 Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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