Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3.2 Neuroanatomy > Anatomy of Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Anatomy of Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

In embryological terms, the upper and lower limb dermatome formation can be compared to what?

A

Like pushing your hand through clingfilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The higher up the limb the higher/lower the root level of the plexus

A

Higher!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do each pair of spinal nerves supply?

A

Somatic general sensory
Motor functions- somatic motor and sympathetic
Spinal reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the symptoms of somatic general sensory pathology?

A 
Pain (neuralgia)
Pins and needles (paraesthesia)
Numbness (anaesthesia)
Hot or cold
Loss of co-ordination/balance/clumsiness (e.g. ataxia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the symptoms of somatic motor pathology?

A

Muscle stiffness, tightness or spasm (cramp)
Muscle floppiness or looseness (reduced tone or hypotonia)
Muscular weakness (reduced power)
Loss of co-ordination/balance/clumsiness (e.g. ataxia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you test each spinal nerve segment’s sensory function?

A

Test dermatome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you test each spinal nerve segment’s motor function?

A

Test myotome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you test both sensory and motor function of the spinal nerve simultaneously?

A

Spinal cord reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the route of a somato-sensory action potential from skin to somatosensory cortex

A

Sensation from body wall in posterior root of spinal nerve–> Axons within spinal cord ascending tract –> Thalamus (Internal capsule) –> Primary somatosensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does C1 dermatome supply?

A

Trick question!

No significant cutaneous sensory axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which dermatome corresponds with the “badge patch”?

A

C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which dermatome is the male nipple at?

A

T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which dermatome is the umbilicus at?

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List dermatomal landmarks of the lower limb

A 
L1- Groin
L2- Anterior thigh
L2- Anterior knee
L4- Medial malleolus
L5- Dorsum of foot
S1- Heel
S2- Posterior knee
S3- Buttock
S4- Perineum
S5- Perianal skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which posterior rami supply a strip of skin centrally down back and posterior neck?

A

C2-C8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the plexuses formed by anterior rami?

A

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which anterior rami do not contribute to a plexus?

A

T2-T12

18
Q

What’s the difference between a spinal nerve and a named nerve?

A

Spinal nerve contains axons originating from one spinal cord level
Named nerve contains axons originating from one or more spinal cord levels

19
Q

Name the cutaneous nerve innervation of the neck from superior to inferior

A

Little Goats Tread Softly

Lesser occipital (C2)
Greater auricular nerve (C2,3)
Transverse Cervical (C2,3)
Supraclavicular nerves (C3,4)
20
Q

What is Erb’s point?

A

The nerve point of the neck where sensory nerves of cervical plexus converge
Pass from superficial to deep fascia
At midpoint of posterior border of SCM

21
Q

Describe the course of sensory input to L2 dermatome of a peripheral nerve

A

Stimulation of area innervated by femoral nerve –> AP generated by receptors in L2 dermatome–> AP continues along axons through lumbar plexus –> L2 anterior rami –> spinal nerve –> L2 posterior root –> L2 posterior rootlets –> spinal cord

22
Q

Describe the pathway from primary somatomotor cortex to muscle

A

Upper motor neurone within primary somatomotor cortex of precentral gyrus–> Axons within spinal cord descending tract, cross at medulla –> 3rd order neutron to muscle

23
Q

Which muscles are supplied by cervical plexus C1-C4 motor axons?

A

Neck postural & strap muscles

Diaphragm

24
Q

Which muscles are supplied by brachial plexus C5-T1 motor axons?

A

Muscles of upper limb

Extrinsic back muscles

25
Q

Which muscles are supplied by T2-L3 motor axons?

A 
Postural back muscles (via posterior rami
Intercostal muscles (via anterior rami)
Anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (via thorax-abdominal, subcostal, iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal nerves)
26
Q

Which muscles are supplied by lumbosacral plexus L1-S4 motor axons?

A

Muscles of lower limb

Perineal skeletal muscles

27
Q

How do you clinically test C5 myotome and which muscle is being tested?

A

Shoulder abduction

Deltoid

28
Q

How do you clinically test C6 myotome and which muscle is being tested?

A

Elbow flexion

Biceps brachii

29
Q

How do you clinically test C7 myotome and which muscle is being tested?

A

Elbow extension

Triceps brachii

30
Q

How do you clinically test C8 myotome and which muscle is being tested?

A

Finger flexion

Flexion digitorum superficialis

31
Q

How do you clinically test T1 myotome and which muscle is being tested?

A

Finger abduction

Dorsal interossei

32
Q

How do you clinically test L3 myotome and which muscle is being tested?

A

Knee extension

Quadriceps femoris

33
Q

How do you clinically test L4 myotome and which muscle is being tested?

A

Ankle dorsiflexion

Tibialis anterior

34
Q

How do you clinically test L5 myotome and which muscle is being tested?

A

Great toe extension

Extensor hallucis longus

35
Q

How do you clinically test S1 myotome and which muscle is being tested?

A

Ankle plantarflexion

Gastrocnemius

36
Q

How do you clinically test S2 myotome and which muscle is being tested?

A

Knee flexion

Biceps femoris

37
Q

What is a spinal cord reflex?

A

Involuntary response to stimulus

38
Q

How does the patellar reflex work?

A

Patellar tendon tapped
Stretches quadriceps fibres
Muscle spindles imitate APs in anterior rami within femoral nerve
Sensory APs conducted to dorsal horn of L3
Pass into anterior horn to synapse on lower motor neurons that supply quadriceps
APs conducted via LMN axons in femoral nerve to reach quadriceps NMJ
Muscle contracts to extend knee

39
Q

What are the clinical signs of an upper motor neurone lesion and lower motor neurone lesion?

A

UMN lesions= spasticity

LMN lesions= flaccidity

40
Q

List the spinal reflexes that can be clinically tested

A 
Biceps brachii= C5, C6
Triceps brachii = C7
Brachioradialis= C6
Knee jerk = L3
Ankle jerk = S1

3.2 Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions