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HNN Anatomy > Anatomy Of The Neck > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the boundaries of the neck and their anatomical landmarks

A

Superior boundary
- lower skull and mandible

Inferior boundry
- clavicle, sternum, acromion

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2
Q

What are the major components of a typical service vertebrae?

A
  • Pedicle
  • Lamina
  • Spinous process
  • articular facet
  • transverse Foramen
  • articular facets
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3
Q

Which cervical vertebrae are Unique and why?

A

Atlas (C1)
- No body/spinous process
- articular facet for occipital condyles and Dens

Axis (C2)
- Has dens which articulates with atlas

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4
Q

Name the compartments of the neck and what they contain

A

Visceral compartment
- trachea and oesophagus

Vascular compartments
- Nerves and blood vessels

Vertebral compartment
- Vertebrae, spinal chord, muscles, nerves

Musculofascial collar
- encloses whole neck except the most superficial layer

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5
Q

Platysma
a) origin
b) insertion
c) Function
d) innervation

A

a) pectoralis major and deltoid
b) Mandible
c) tensing neck and grimace
d) CN VII

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6
Q

What is the peritracheal fascia?

A

fascia that surrounds the trachea and oesophagus in the neck. Makes the visceral compartment

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7
Q

What is the prevertebral fascia?

A

Fascia that surrounds the vertebral column and vertebral muscle in the neck. Males the vertebral compartment

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8
Q

What is the carotid sheath?

A

Fascia that surrounds the carotid arteries (except external) and the internal jugular vein. Makes up the vascular compartment

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9
Q

Name the triangles of the neck and their borders

A

Anterior triangle
- mandible, anterior SCM, midline of neck

Posterior triangle
- Posterior SCM, clavicle, anterior border of trapezius

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10
Q

What are the subdivisions of the posterior triangle and how are the divided?

A

Occipital triangle (superior) and omoclavicular triangle (inferior).

They are separated by the omohyoid muscle

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11
Q

What structures lie in the posterior triangle?

A

Vascular
- e. jugular
- subclavian a. and v.
- transverse cervical a.
- suprascapular a.

Nerves:
- Spinal accessory
Trunks of brachial plexus
Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

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12
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle and what divides them?

A
  • Submandibular
  • Carotid triangle
  • Muscular triangle
    -Submental triangle

They are separated by the digastric and omohyoid muscle

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13
Q

Name all the suprahyoid muscles

A

-Mylohyoid
-Geniohyoid
-Digastric
-Stylohyoid

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14
Q

Name all the infrahyoid muscles

A

-Omohyoid
-Sternohyoid
-Thyrohyoid
-Sternothyroid

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15
Q

Mylohyoid:
a) Origin
b) Insertion
c) innervation

A

a) Mylohyoid line on mandible
b) Body of hyoid
c) nerve to mylohyoid (CN V3)

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16
Q

Geniohyoid:
a) Origin
b) Insertion
c) innervation

A

a) Mental spine of mandible
b) Body of hyoid
c) Anterior ramus of C1

17
Q

Digastric:
a) Origin
b) Insertion
c) innervation

A

a) ant belly = digastric fossa on lower medial madible
post belly = mastoid notch on mastoid process

b) both bellies = intermediate tendon of the hyoid bone

c)Mylohyoid nerve

18
Q

stylohyoid:
a) Origin
b) Insertion
c) innervation

A

a) styloid process (projection from temporal bone)

b) body of hyoid

c) stylohyoid branch of CN VII

19
Q

Omohyoid
a) Origin
b) Insertion

A

a) superior belly = intermediate tendon
inferior belly = superior scapula

b) superior belly = body of hyoid bone
inferior belly = intermediate tendon

20
Q

How is the omohyoid muscle held in place?

A

A fascial sling wraps around the intermediate tendon and anchors to the clavical

21
Q

Thyrohyoid:
a) Origin
b) Insertion
c) innervation

A

a) oblique line on thyroid cartilage

b) greater horn and adjacent body of hyoid

c) anterior rami of C1

22
Q

Sternohyoid:
a) Origin
b) Insertion
c) innervation

A

a) Sternoclavicular joint and manubrium

b) Body of Hyoid medially

c)anterior rami of C1-C3

23
Q

Sternothyroid:
a) Origin
b) Insertion
c) innervation

A

a) posterior surface of manubrum

b) oblique line of thyroid cartilage

c) anterior rami C1-C3

24
Q

What is common about the innervation of Thyrohyoid, Sternohyoid, and sternothyroid?

A

all innervated by anterior rami C1-C3, which converge into a single nerve called the Ansa cervicallis

25
Q

Sternocleidomastoid:
a) Origin
b) Insertion
c) function
d) innervation

A

a) Manubrium and medial 1/3 clavicle
b) Mastoid process on skull
c) Draws head forward (both left and right) or pulls ear to shoulder (just left or right)
d) CN XI

26
Q

Trapezius:
a) Origin
b) Insertion
c) function
d) innervation

A

a) superior nuchal line (skull), external occipital protuberance, spinus processes C7-T12
b) Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
c) Assist rotation of scapula
d) CN XI

27
Q

What structures are contained within the carotid triangle?

A

Vessels:
- internal carotid
- External carotid
- Common carotid
- internal jugular

Nerves:
- Hypoglossal nerve
-Spinal accessory nerve
-Ansa Cervicalis

28
Q

What are the boundaries of the root of the neck?

A

-Top of manubrium
-superior border of clavicle
-Body of T1 vertebrae
- First pair of ribs
-Superior thoracic aperture

29
Q

Describe the path of the subclavian artery

A

Originates from the aortic arch.

Then described as 3 parts depending on its relation to the scalene muscles:
- 1st part medial to scalene
- 2nd part posterior to scalene
- 3rd part lateral to scalene

Once it reaches the 1st rib it becomes the axillary artery

30
Q

describe the path of the subclavian vein

A

It comes from the axillary vein.

Parallel to subclavian artery

Joins up with the internal jugular vein to become the brachiocephalic vein

31
Q

describe the path of the vagus neve

A

Descends between the subclavian artery and vein

32
Q

describe the path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Ascends lateral to the trachea to the larynx

33
Q

Describe the brachial plexus

A
  • 5 roots (C5-T1
  • 3 Trunks (superior, middle, inferior)
  • 6 Divisions
  • 3 cords (lateral, posterior, medial)
  • 5 branches (Musculo Cutaneal, axillary, median, radial, ulnar)
34
Q

Which parts of the brachial plexus are found in the root of the neck?

A

Roots and trunks
(after clavicle = divisions)

35
Q

Describe the path of the sympathetic trunk to the face

A

Starts in the thoracolumbar region, must ascend to reach the head and neck.

Has three cervical ganglia:
- superior, middle and inferior

Innervates sympathetic nervous system in head and neck

36
Q

What are the features of Horner’s syndromes

A
  • constriction of pupil (miosis)
  • Drooping of the eyelid (ptosis)
  • Vasodilation and absence of sweating in head/neck

HNN Anatomy (8 decks)

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