Anatomy of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Question 1

what is the pelvic brim aka the pelvic inlet
aka arcuate line
-what happens if it is smaller than a fetus’ head

Answer 1

the inner circumference of the hip bone

-c section

Question 2

what is the acetabulum

Answer 2

where the head of the femur articulates

Question 3

what does the obturator innervate

Answer 3

adduction muscles of the thighs

Question 4

what are the 3 fused bones that the hip bone consists of

Answer 4

ilium
ishcium
pubic bone

Question 5

what is the pubic symphysis made of

Answer 5

fibril cartilage

-expands around birth due to certain hormones’ effects

Question 6

what is the sacral promontory (lig)

Answer 6

the point at which the sacral bone projects most ventral/anterior

• where the sacrum impacts most on the volume of the pelvic region
• kind of along the pelvic bone
• realigns the spine to balance weight

Question 7

what is the pelvic outlet

Answer 7

past ischial spines

rarely of clinical consequence during childbirth

Question 8

what is the obstetric conjugate estimated from

Answer 8

diagonal conjugate

Question 9

what is the obstetric conjugate

Answer 9

the shortest pelvic diameter through which the fetal head must pass during birth, measured from the promontory of the sacrum to a point a few millimeters from the top of the pubic symphysis

Question 10

how many degrees is the male and femail subpubic angle

Answer 10

60 degrees in women

40 degrees in men

Question 11

what does vesiculo mean

Answer 11

bladder

Question 12

the bladder, uterus and (transverse) colon are all just below the…

Answer 12

peritoneum

Question 13

what does the round ligament anchor?

keeps the uterus flexed in what position?

Answer 13

• anchors the groin

- keeps the uterus flexed in an “anteverted” position vs retroverted

Question 14

what is the lowest point in the body cavity when a woman is lying supine?

Answer 14

recto-uterine pouch

Question 15

what is the vesiculo-uterine pouch between

Answer 15

uterus

bladder

Question 16

what is culdocentesis

Answer 16

tapping into the recto-uterine pouch to check for certain conditions

Question 17

what is the broad ligament an extension of

Answer 17

the peritoneal lining

Question 18

what is the mesosalpinx

Answer 18

the part of the braod ligament which supports/suspends the fallopian tube

Question 19

what does the mesovarium do

Answer 19

suspends the ovary

Question 20

what does the mesometrium do

Answer 20

suspends the uterus

Question 21

how many cm is the uterus

Answer 21

8cm

Question 22

what is the position of the round and broad ligament in relation to each other

Answer 22

round ligament comes off the the broad ligament

Question 23

what is the uterine artery a branch of

Answer 23

internal iliac

Question 24

what is the ovarian artery a branch of

Answer 24

aorta

Question 25

what is the indundibulum of the fallopian turbes

Answer 25

the far end of the fallopian tube

Question 26

where does fertilization most often occur in in the fallopian tubes

Answer 26

ampulla

Question 27

what do the fimbrae of the fallopian tubes do

Answer 27

helps secure the ovulated egg at the time of ovulation

Question 28

what is ectopic pregnancy

Answer 28

the zygote implants in the fallopian tube

-the ideal place for implantation is in the superior uterus, inf to the fallopian tube entrypoint

Question 29

when do complications arise from ectopic pregnancy

Answer 29

at about 7-8 wks post fertilization

• the max size of a fetus the fallopian tube accommodate
• fallopian will rupture at this time

Question 30

what is a hysterosalpingogram

Answer 30

dye is injected into cervix (intervaginally) to see if there’s a blockage which might cause infertility

Question 31

what is the pathway for sperm to exit

Answer 31

epididymis (storage depot for sperm) 
vas deferens
ejaculatory duct 
prostatic urethra 
membranous urethra 
spongy urethra in the penis

Question 32

what do the prostatic urethra and ejactulatory duct both go through

Answer 32

prostatic: 3-4cm long runs through prostate

both go through prostate

Question 33

what does the membranous membrane run through

Answer 33

pelvic and urogenital diaphragms

Question 34

what does the spongy urethra run through

Answer 34

run through corpus spongiosum of penis; receives bulbourethral gland secretion

Question 35

what is the spermatic cord
what is it w/in
what does it contain
what does it extend from

Answer 35

a cord that suspends the testis w/in the scrotum which contains the vas deferens and vessels and nerves of the testes
-extends from the deep inguinal ring through the inguinal canal and superficial inguinal ring downward into the scrotum

Question 36

what is an inguinal hernia

Answer 36

spermatic cord goes through the inguinal canal, which travels obliquely
-increased interabdominal pressure may push some abdominal contents through the inguinal canal => hernia

Question 37

• what kind of output causes an erection
• what is the output from
• the release of nitric oxide activates what?
• what nerves release nitric oxide?

Answer 37

• parasympathetic output from S2-4
• activates the release of nitric oxide activates cGMP (vasodiltor)
• NANC (non adrenergic, non cholinergic) nerves release the vasodialtor (NO)

Question 38

what does viagra inhibit

Answer 38

the breakdown of cGMP

Question 39

what kind of reflex is ejaculation

what nervous system is involved

Answer 39

2 part spinal reflex, mediated by the sympathetic nervous system

Question 40

what is emission

Answer 40

movement of semen into urethra

Question 41

what is ejaculation

Answer 41

propulsion of semen out of urethra