Anatomy of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems Flashcards
what is the pelvic brim aka the pelvic inlet
aka arcuate line
-what happens if it is smaller than a fetus’ head
the inner circumference of the hip bone
-c section
what is the acetabulum
where the head of the femur articulates
what does the obturator innervate
adduction muscles of the thighs
what are the 3 fused bones that the hip bone consists of
ilium
ishcium
pubic bone
what is the pubic symphysis made of
fibril cartilage
-expands around birth due to certain hormones’ effects
what is the sacral promontory (lig)
the point at which the sacral bone projects most ventral/anterior
- where the sacrum impacts most on the volume of the pelvic region
- kind of along the pelvic bone
- realigns the spine to balance weight
what is the pelvic outlet
past ischial spines
rarely of clinical consequence during childbirth
what is the obstetric conjugate estimated from
diagonal conjugate
what is the obstetric conjugate
the shortest pelvic diameter through which the fetal head must pass during birth, measured from the promontory of the sacrum to a point a few millimeters from the top of the pubic symphysis
how many degrees is the male and femail subpubic angle
60 degrees in women
40 degrees in men
what does vesiculo mean
bladder
the bladder, uterus and (transverse) colon are all just below the…
peritoneum
what does the round ligament anchor?
keeps the uterus flexed in what position?
- anchors the groin
- keeps the uterus flexed in an “anteverted” position vs retroverted
what is the lowest point in the body cavity when a woman is lying supine?
recto-uterine pouch
what is the vesiculo-uterine pouch between
uterus
bladder
what is culdocentesis
tapping into the recto-uterine pouch to check for certain conditions
what is the broad ligament an extension of
the peritoneal lining
what is the mesosalpinx
the part of the braod ligament which supports/suspends the fallopian tube
what does the mesovarium do
suspends the ovary
what does the mesometrium do
suspends the uterus
how many cm is the uterus
8cm
what is the position of the round and broad ligament in relation to each other
round ligament comes off the the broad ligament
what is the uterine artery a branch of
internal iliac
what is the ovarian artery a branch of
aorta
what is the indundibulum of the fallopian turbes
the far end of the fallopian tube
where does fertilization most often occur in in the fallopian tubes
ampulla
what do the fimbrae of the fallopian tubes do
helps secure the ovulated egg at the time of ovulation
what is ectopic pregnancy
the zygote implants in the fallopian tube
-the ideal place for implantation is in the superior uterus, inf to the fallopian tube entrypoint
when do complications arise from ectopic pregnancy
at about 7-8 wks post fertilization
- the max size of a fetus the fallopian tube accommodate
- fallopian will rupture at this time
what is a hysterosalpingogram
dye is injected into cervix (intervaginally) to see if there’s a blockage which might cause infertility
what is the pathway for sperm to exit
epididymis (storage depot for sperm) vas deferens ejaculatory duct prostatic urethra membranous urethra spongy urethra in the penis
what do the prostatic urethra and ejactulatory duct both go through
prostatic: 3-4cm long runs through prostate
both go through prostate
what does the membranous membrane run through
pelvic and urogenital diaphragms
what does the spongy urethra run through
run through corpus spongiosum of penis; receives bulbourethral gland secretion
what is the spermatic cord
what is it w/in
what does it contain
what does it extend from
a cord that suspends the testis w/in the scrotum which contains the vas deferens and vessels and nerves of the testes
-extends from the deep inguinal ring through the inguinal canal and superficial inguinal ring downward into the scrotum
what is an inguinal hernia
spermatic cord goes through the inguinal canal, which travels obliquely
-increased interabdominal pressure may push some abdominal contents through the inguinal canal => hernia
- what kind of output causes an erection
- what is the output from
- the release of nitric oxide activates what?
- what nerves release nitric oxide?
- parasympathetic output from S2-4
- activates the release of nitric oxide activates cGMP (vasodiltor)
- NANC (non adrenergic, non cholinergic) nerves release the vasodialtor (NO)
what does viagra inhibit
the breakdown of cGMP
what kind of reflex is ejaculation
what nervous system is involved
2 part spinal reflex, mediated by the sympathetic nervous system
what is emission
movement of semen into urethra
what is ejaculation
propulsion of semen out of urethra
