Anatomy of the Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

what is aponeurosis

A

broad sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue that invests and forms attachments for various muscles

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2
Q

what is the peritoneum

A

smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen
-folded inward over the abdominal and pelvic viscera

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3
Q

what is the parietal layer of the peritoneum?

what is the visceral layer

A

parietal: outer layer closely adherent to the walls of the abdomen
visceral: inner layer that folds to invest the viscera

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4
Q

what is the omentum

A

a fold of peritoneum connecting or supported abdominal structures such as the stomach and liver

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5
Q

what is the mesentery

A

a fold of peritoneum that connects some abdominal viscera to the post body wall

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6
Q

what is retroperitoneum

what are some examples of organs that are this?

A

situated or occurring behind the peritoneum

ex. kidneys, ascending/descending colon, most of the pancreas, most of the duodenum

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7
Q

what is the esophagus behind

A

trachea

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8
Q

what is a hiatal hernia

A

a hernia in which the stomach protrudes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

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9
Q

what is the cardiac notch

A

acute angle formed btwn esophagus and stomach

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10
Q

what is the main cuase of a stomach ulcer

  • what does this produce and excess of
  • what does this convert it into to damage the gastric mucosa
A

infection of H pyloria

-produce excess of ezyme, urease: which converts urea to an ammonia cation (NH4) and this damages the gastric mucosa

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11
Q

what is the pH of the stomach

A

1-2

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12
Q

what is gout

  • why are the extremities affected?
  • more common in people that eat what?
  • more common in children who have what?
A

a condition in which uric acid crystals (derived from the breakdown of purines) accumulate in joints of the extremities

  • extremities bc the crystals are more apt to precipitate at cooler temp
  • particularly in the distal metatarsal in the big toe
  • more common in ppl who eat organ meats/red meat
  • autistic children tend to have high uric acid levels
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13
Q

where is the pancreas located in

A

located in the post body wall

-retroperitoneal

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14
Q

what is the pancreas in relationship to the duodenum

A

the head of the pancreas sits nestled in the duodenum

-tail extends retroperitoneally towards the spleen

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15
Q

what are the anatomical landmarks of the pancreas

A

inf vena cava and aorta: just below the inf border of the duodenum
sup messenteric vessels: btwn inf border of the pancreas and duodenum

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16
Q

in pancreatic cancer when can jaundice occur

what other obstruction can occur

A
  • cause of extrahepatic obstruction of bile reults in jaundice
  • may cause portal or IVC obstruction
17
Q

when a cancer metastasizes to the liver, the abiliy to process ______ becomes compromised

A

ammonia

18
Q

beta cells are about ___% of the islet mass
what cells are on the periphery
what produce pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin

A

75-85% of the islet mass
alpha and delta cells are on the periphery
delta produce pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin

19
Q

what is the linea alba

A

the white line down the middle of the abdomen

  • very little blood flows through
  • safe point of incision for abdominal surgeries
20
Q

where is the right and left hypochonriac, epigastric, lumbar, umbilical, iliac, and hypogastic region located in respect to each other

A

R. hypochondria, epigastric, L. hypochondriac
R. lumbar, umbilical, L. lumbar
R. iliac, hypogastric, L. iliac

21
Q

what is in the right iliac region

A

appendix

22
Q

where is the pharynx located

-what does it connect

A

btwn mouth and esophagus

-connects the outside world to the respiratory and digestive tracts

23
Q

what ist he order of the Gi tract

A

mouth=> pharyns (naso, oro, laryngo)=> esophagus => stoamch => stomach=>small intest (duod, jej, ileum)=> large inst (coecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon)

24
Q

what kind of cells are in the serous membrane of the peritoneum

A

a monolayer of cuboidal cells w/ micrvilli w/ a little cxt tissue beneath it

25
Q

what does the peritoneum cover

A

covers intraperitoneal organs

-those organs w/in the cavity

26
Q

how can the greater omentum limit the spread of infection

A

can move around quite a bit, drapes over entire guts

  • it theres a breach of the GI tract, GO will attempt to seal the breach to prevent the spread of bacteria
  • protective but not for too long
27
Q

what is the small intestine connected to the body wall by

A

mesentery

28
Q

what is the mesentary important in

A

suspending guts and as a conduit for the delivery and removal of blood, lymphatics, and nerves from the tissues
-entry point for the blood supply

29
Q

anything in the post body wall is _______

what are some exmaples

A

retroperitoneum

  • kidneys, ureters, and bladder
  • ascending/desc colon
  • most of duodenum
  • most of pancreas (small piece extends into a ligament attaching to the spleen, the most islet dense region is here)