Anatomy of the GI tract part 4

Question 1

for the opiod receptor subtype: μ

what is its confirmed location

give examples of clinical effect

Answer 1

Location

• brain
• spinal cord
• myenteric and submucosal plexus

examples:

• analgesia, sedation, mood alteration
• nausea and vomiting
• altered smooth muscle tone
  
  • passive and partial contraction

Question 2

for the opiod receptor subtype: κ (kappa)

what is its confirmed location

give examples of clinical effect

Answer 2

location:

• brain
• spinal cord
• myentreric plexus

clinical effect:

• central analgesia
• visceral antinocieption
• delayed GI transit time

Question 3

for the opiod receptor subtype: δ

what is its confirmed location

give examples of clinical effect

Answer 3

location

• brain
• myentric plexus

clinical effect

• delayed GI transit time

Question 4

target and action of loperamide

is it agonist or antagonist

Answer 4

• target
  
  • opioid receptors
  • agonist
• action
  
  • motility suppressants that work through action on the myentric plexus
  • decreased peristalsis (wave-like contraction of smooth muscle in GI tract), increased tone of anal sphincter (tighter)
  • Ca²⁺ blocker

Question 5

Tegaserod

targetr

action

side effects

Answer 5

• target
  
  • setotonin receptors
  • agonist
• action
  
  • motility stimulants that work through the activation of 5-HT₄ receptors of the enteric nervous system
• side effects
  
  • some discontinued or restrcted
  • cardiovascular side-effects
  • only given in emergency situations that are life-threatening or require hospitalisation