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Neuroscience Lecture One - Anatomy Of The Nervous System > Anatomy of the brain > Flashcards

Anatomy of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

What does dorsal/ventral mean?

A

Towards the back/belly

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2
Q

What does anterior/posterior mean?

A

Towards the front/back

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3
Q

What does rostral/caudal mean?

A

Towards the beak/tail

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4
Q

What does medial/lateral mean?

A

Towards the middle/side

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5
Q

What are the 3 planes of section?

A

Coronal (across head)
Sagittal (down)
Horizontal (horizontal)

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6
Q

What are the basic subdivisions of the brain?

A

Spinal Cord
Hindbrain
Midbrain
Forebrain

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7
Q

What does the forebrain consist of?

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

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8
Q

What does the Midbrain consist of?

A

Mesencephalon

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9
Q

What does the Hindbrain consist of?

A

Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

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10
Q

What does Encephalon mean?

A

Within the head

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11
Q

What is the brain stem?

A

Hindbrain + Midbrain

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12
Q

What is the myelencephalon in the hindbrain also known as?

A

Medulla oblongata - allows you to do stuff without thinking ab the vital functions

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13
Q

What does the myelencephalon in the hindbrain control?

A

Nuclei which (amongst other things) control
Respiration (respiratory groups and respiratory rhythm)
Tongue musculature
Blood Pressure and Heart rate (nucleus ambiguus)
Nucleus ambiguus gives rise to part of the vagus nerve (vagus nerve is part of autonomic system)

ANS CONTROLS HEART MUSCLE, SMOOTH MUSCLE AND ADRENAL GLAND

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14
Q

What does the metencephalon in the hindbrain consist of?

A

Pons and cerebellum - movement

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15
Q

What do pons contain?

A

Nuclei involved in sleep and arousal (amongst others) eg locus coeruleus that provides a NT noradrenaline
Cell activity is closely related to level of arousal

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16
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

Contains 4/5 of neurons in ur brain

Combines sensory (visual, auditory, vestibular, somatosensory) information and combines it w motor output to allow for fine movement
Interact efficiently w outside world
Damaging it causes poorly executed movement (impairs standing and walking)

17
Q

What does the mesencephalon contain in the midbrain?

A

contains tectum and tegmentum

18
Q

What is the tectum?

A

Meaning hills
Tectum is the bit at the top
CONSITS OF THE INFERIOR AND SUPEPRIOR COLLICULI

19
Q

What is the inferior colliculi?

A

Part of auditory system

20
Q

What is the superior colliculi?

A

Part of the visual system, in primates, involved in production of saccades (rapid eye movement)

21
Q

What is the tegmentum?

A

Contains 3 major structures:
Periaqueductal grey - involved in species-typical behaviours (has an effect on lordosis)

22
Q

What is the red nucleus (component of tegmentum)?

A

Part of the motor system (muscles of shoulder and upper arm)

23
Q

What is the substantia nigra?

A

Part of motor system

24
Q

What does the Diencephalon consist of in the Forebrain?

A

Thalamus (divided into nuclei - neurons of similar shape and size)
Hypothalamus

25
Q

What do the nuclei in the thalamus do ?

A

Sensory relay nuclei transmit info from receptors to cortex
Other non-sensory nuclei function unknown, project mainly to cortex

26
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Organises autonomic and glandular aspects of responses related to survival
the 4 fs
fighting, feeding, fleeing and FLIPPING(mating)
also homeostasis (temp, blood glucose)

27
Q

What does the SCN (Suprachiasmatic nucleus) control?

A

Circadian rhythms (rhythms w about 24 hours)

28
Q

What does the telencephalon do in the forebrain?

A

Connected by the corpus callosum, most of the 2 cerebral hemispheres
Mediates the most complex functions

29
Q

What does the telencephalon in the forebrain consist mainly of?

A

The limbic system
Basal ganglia
Cerebral cortex

30
Q

What are the four lobes in the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe
Some areas receive sensory information
Occipital lobe - primary visual cortex
Temporal lobe - primary auditory cortex
Parietal lobe - primary somatosensory cortex

Frontal lobe - movement - primary motor cortex

31
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex?

A

Involved in planning and emotional behaviour
eg Phineas Gage

Neuroscience Lecture One - Anatomy Of The Nervous System (11 decks)

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