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Anatomy FoM > Anatomy of Skeleton > Flashcards

Anatomy of Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton?

A
  • Give shape to the body
  • Give protection to the vital organs/soft tissue
  • Allows and controls movement
  • Attachment for muscles
  • Calcium storage
  • Blood cell production (most for younger people)
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2
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A
  • Skull, vertical column, sternum and ribs (aka axis)
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3
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A
  • Upper and lower limbs and limb girdle’s
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4
Q

What are the terms used to describe ‘bumps’ in size order?

A
  • Tubercle, tuberosity, trochanter

- Rough and serves as a point of attachment

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5
Q

What is the term used to describe a ‘groove’?

A
  • Sulcus

- Smooth and where blood vessel, nerve or tendon lies next to the bone

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6
Q

What is the term used to describe a hole?

A
  • Foramen

- Where blood vessel or nerve enters or leaves the bone

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7
Q

What is a fossa?

A
  • Scooped out region of the bone
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8
Q

What is a joint?

A
  • Where two or more bones meet (articulate) whether or not there is movement between them
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9
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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10
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A
  • Usually made up of collagen (tough) and has restricted movement (e.g. skull)
  • Fibrous tissue
  • Stable, restricted movement
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11
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint?

A
  • Made up of fibres and cartilage (connective tissue), springy (e.g. vertebra)
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12
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A
  • Produce synovial fluid for lubrication, allows movement (e.g. shoulder)
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13
Q

What are the two types of fibrous joint?

A
  • Suture

- Syndesmosis

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14
Q

Describe a suture

A

Between flat bones, interdigitation visible (although it has been stitched)

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15
Q

Describe a syndesmosis

A
  • Between long bones
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16
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A
  • Primary- synchondrosis

- Secondary- symphysis

17
Q

Describe a primary cartilaginous joint- synchondrosis

A
  • Bones united by bendy hyaline cartilage
  • Growth plate between developing bone, lays down cartilage that is replaced by bone
  • Between ends of ribs and costal cartilages (springy)
18
Q

Describe secondary cartilaginous joint- symphysis

A
  • Surfaces of articulating bones lined by hyaline cartilage with a fibrocartilage disc/pas in between- limited movement
  • Midline contains
  • -> intervertebral discs
  • -> Manubriosternal joint
  • -> symphysis
19
Q

Describe a synovial joint in detail

A
  • Presence of a joint cavity which contains a small amount of synovial fluid
  • This permits movement (e.g. flexion and extension)
  • Fluid produced by synovial membrane that surrounds the joint
20
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

covers articulating surfaces

21
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the joint?

A

Capsule

22
Q

What is the the synovial membrane?

A
  • Fragile substance that lines the capsule but doesn’t cover the hyaline cartilage
  • Secretes very small amounts of synovial fluid
23
Q

What is the stability of a joint dependent on?

A
  • Shape and size of the articular surfaces
  • The ligaments
  • Tone of the muscles around the joint
24
Q

What are the different classifications of synovial joints?

A
  • Hinge
  • Ellipsoid
  • Ball and socket
  • Plane
  • Pivot
  • Saddle
25
Q

Describe a synovial hinge joint

A
  • Movement in one plane (uni-axial
  • Flexion and extension
  • E.g. elbow
26
Q

Describe a synovial ellipsoid joint

A
  • Curved sections of an ovoid
  • Movement in two planes (bi-axial)
  • Flexion and extension
  • Adduction and abduction
  • Circumduction
  • E.g. wrist
27
Q

Describe a synovial ball-and-socket joint

A
  • Solid sphere in spherical cup
  • Movement in three planes (multi-axial)
  • Flexion and extension
  • Adduction and abduction
  • Medial and lateral rotation
  • Circumduction
  • E.g. shoulder
28
Q

Describe a synovial plane joint

A
  • Surfaces are flattish, movement limited gliding

- E.g. articular processes of vertebrae

29
Q

Describe a synovial pivot joint

A
  • Peg rotating inside ring

- e.g. neck

30
Q

Descrive a synovial saddle joint

A
  • Surfaces shaped like a saddle
  • Flexion and extension
  • Adduction and abduction
    E.g. thumb

Anatomy FoM (14 decks)

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