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GI 4th Year > Anatomy Of Pharynx > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

pharynx is a funnel-shaped muscular tube communicating anteriorly with
the

A

nasal cavities, the mouth, and with the larynx

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2
Q

Parts of ghe pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx (Epipharynx)
Oropharynx (Mesopharynx)
Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

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3
Q

Nasopharynx (Epipharynx)

Transmits only

A

air

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4
Q

Nasopharynx (Epipharynx) The upper part is

A

widest

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5
Q

Nasopharynx Found posterior to the

A

nasal cavities

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6
Q

Nasopharynx non collapsible

A

T

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7
Q

Oropharynx (Mesopharynx)

Transmits

A

Air

Food

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8
Q

Oropharynx (Mesopharynx)

Located behind ?
The middle part is narrow

A

oral cavity

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9
Q

narrowest part

A

The lower part is narrowest

Laryngopharynx

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10
Q

Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

Located behind the

A

opening of larynx and posterior

surface of the larynx

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11
Q

Boundaries of pharynx

Anteriorly

A

Cont with nasal , oral cavities and larynx

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12
Q

Boundaries of pharynx

Superiorly (roof):

A

Base of the skull

sphenoid and occipital bone

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13
Q

Boundaries of pharynx

Posteriorly

A

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia which separates the pharynx cavities and larynx
from the cervical vertebra

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14
Q

Boundaries of pharynx

Inferiorly

A

Continuous with the esophagus at the level of C6 vertebra and lower border of cricoid cartilage

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15
Q

On each side the pharyngeal wall (muscles) is

attached to:

A 
• Medial pterygoid plate, Pterygoid hamulus
Pterygomandibular raphe, Mandible 
• Tongue 
• Hyoid bone 
• Thyroid cartilage
 • Cricoid cartilage
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16
Q

Nasopharynx Found posterior to

A

nasal cavity

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17
Q

Nasopharynx

Roof:

A

the body of the sphenoid
and the basilar portion of the
occipital bone

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18
Q

Nasopharynx

Posterio-superior:

A

pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids

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19
Q

Nasopharynx

Floor:

A

soft palate

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20
Q

Floor of Nasopharynx(soft palate) communicates with

A

oropharynx
(pharyngeal
isthmus)

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21
Q

Nasopharynx

Anterior wall:

A

choanae

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22
Q

Nasopharynx

Posterior wall:

A

superior
pharyngeal constrictor muscle

• Nasopharyngeal tonsil –
Adenoid

• Pharyngeal bursa

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23
Q

• Pharyngeal bursa

Attachment of

A

Cranial end of notocord

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24
Q

Pharyngeal bursa————- cartilaginous

tumor

A

Rarely

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25
Q

remnant of Rathke’s

pouch of stomodeum

A

Pharyngeal hypophysis

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26
Q

Nasopharynx

Lateral walls:

A

Slides

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27
Q

Nasopharynx

Deep to lateral wall:

A
  • Tensor veli palatini muscle
  • Levator veli palatini muscle
  • Salpingopharyngeal muscle
  • Pharyngobasilar fascia
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28
Q

most

common site of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

pharyngeal recess

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29
Q

pharyngeal recess extends

A

postero-laterally

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30
Q

Nasopharyngeal Mucosa is lined by

A

ciliated columnar to pseudostratified

epithelium

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31
Q

Nasopharynx Innervated by

A

pharyngeal branches of pterygopalatine

ganglion

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32
Q

Oropharynx Lined by

A

stratified
squamous non-
keratinized epithelium

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33
Q

Oropharynx
•————-superiorly to the upper border of
the ————-inferiorly, and the —————anteriorly to the posterior wall of the
pharynx

A

Soft palate

epiglottis

palatoglossal
fold

34
Q

Oropharynx

Roof:

A

soft palate and the pharyngeal isthmus

35
Q

soft palate and the pharyngeal isthmus

Innervated by

A

IX and X CN

36
Q

Oropharynx

Floor:

A

1-posterior 1/3 of the tongue and
2-the area
between the tongue and the anterior aspect of
the epiglottis

37
Q

Oropharynx

Anterior wall:

A 
mouth opening  (oropharyngeal
isthmus)
38
Q

Oropharynx
Posterior wall:
—————supported by body of——
vertebra and the upper part of the—— vertebra

A

pharyngeal
constrictor muscle

C2

C3

39
Q

Oropharynx

Lateral walls:

A

1-palatoglossal fold (arch)

2-Palatopharyngeal fold (arch) and the
palatine fossa and its contents

Pterygomandibular raphe

40
Q

palatoglossal fold (arch)

presents the ———- which
contains————-

A

tonsillar fossa

palatine tonsil

41
Q

Pterygomandibular raphe immediately

anterior to the

A

palatoglossus muscle

42
Q

Palatine tonsil

Are found in

A 
triangular sinus (palatine
fossa)
43
Q

Palatine tonsil

Define

A

Are two masses of lymphoid tissues (follicles)

covered by the mucous membrane with thickening on the lateral surface

44
Q

Palatine tonsil

Structure

A

the capsule and mucous tonsillar glands

45
Q

Medial surface of palatine tonsil Projects in

A

oropharynx cavity

46
Q

Medial surface of palatine tonsil Has small cavities ?

A

Tonsillar crypts,

Intra tonsillar cleft or pits

47
Q

Lateral surface of palatine tonsil

A

• Tonsillar arteries (facial a., ascending
palatine a., ascending pharyngeal a. and the lesser palatine a.)
• Internal carotid a.
• External palatine vein
• Para tonsillar vein

48
Q

To n si l l i t i s

referred pain in

A

Middle ear

49
Q

Tonsillectomy can lead to

A

excessive
hemorrhage, loss or taste
sensation

50
Q

ring of tonsils (lymphoid tissue) surrounds the opening of pharynx is called

A

waldeyer ring.

51
Q

Laryngopharynx Located behind

52
Q

Laryngopharynx Extends superiorly from upper border of——— to
lower border of——— inferiorly

A

epiglottic cartilage

cricoid cartilage

53
Q

Laryngopharynx It continues as——- bellow the level of———- (———-
Cervical vertebra)

A

esophagus

cricoid cartilage

6th

54
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

IX and X CN-sensory

55
Q

Laryngopharynx Lined by

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

56
Q

Laryngopharynx

Anterior wall:

A

Inlet of the larynx and posterior surface of the larynx (cricoid
cartilage and arytenoid cartilage)

57
Q

Laryngopharynx

Post wall

A

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles and

bodies of C3 –C6 cervical vertebrae

58
Q

Laryngopharynx

Lateral walls:

A
  • Thyroid cartilage and associated structures.

* Piriform recess (Fossa) on each side of the posterior larynx

59
Q

——- passes through this fossa

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

60
Q

Piriform recess (Fossa) is a common site for the

A

lodging of foreign bodies such as

fish bones.

61
Q

Layers of pharynx from inside to outside:

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Pharyngobasilar fascia (pharyngeal
    aponeurosis)
  4. Muscular layers (overlapping layers)
    • 3 inner longitudinal mm
    • 3 outer circular (constrictors) mm
  5. Buccopharyngeal fascia
62
Q

3 outer circular muscle layers:

A
  • Superior constrictor muscle
  • Middle constrictor muscle
  • Inferior constrictor muscle
63
Q

3 longitudinal muscles:

A

• Salpingopharyngeus • Palatopharyngeus • Stylopharyngeus

64
Q

All Muscle layers of the pharynx
take origin anteriorly and their fibers course laterally and posteriorly to the midline
where they meet each other at the

A

pharyngeal raphe

65
Q

Inferior constrictor has two parts

A

thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus

66
Q

constrictor mm are lined on their
• internal surface by——
• external surface by———

A

pharyngobasilar fascia

buccopharyngeal fascia

67
Q

Superior Constrictor

Action

A

contributes to closing the oropharyngeal

isthmus and pushing the bolus downward

68
Q

Superior Constrictor

Innervation

A

by CN X through the pharyngeal

plexus

69
Q

Middle Constrictor

Action

A

contributes to pushing the bolus

downward

70
Q

Middle Constrictor

Innervation

A

by CN X through the

pharyngeal plexus

71
Q

Inferior Constrictor

A

Is the thickest of all the three constrictors of

pharynx.

72
Q

Inferior Constrictor

Forms floor of

A

carotid triangle of neck

73
Q

Inferior Constrictor Related to medial surface of

A

lobe of thyroid gland

74
Q

Inferior Constrictor

Innervation

A

by CN X through the pharyngeal

plexus

75
Q

Inferior Constrictor

Action

A

contributes to pushing the bolus

downward.

76
Q

Inferior Constrictor

Origins

A

• Thyropharyngeal part - Oblique line and
inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

• Cricopharyngeal part - Side of the arch of
cricoid cartilage

77
Q 
Thyropharyngeal part is propulsive in action while
cricopharyngeal part (lowest fibers of the inferior
constrictor) acts as a sphincter of the lower pharyn
A

When thyropharyngeal part contracts crocipharyngeal

part relaxes to allow bolus of food into oesophagus

78
Q

Killian’s dehiscence (Killian’s triangle) is a triangular area in the wall of the
pharynx between the

A

cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus

79
Q

pharyngeal (Zenker’s) diverticulum posteriorly

A

Because of neuromuscular incoordination, when thyropharyngeus contracts,
cricopharyngeus does not relax

80
Q

Thyropharyngeus:

• is innervated by

A

pharyngeal plexus

81
Q

Cricopharyngeus:

• is innervated by

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve (p branch ofvagus)

82
Q

Structurespassing through
The gap btw base of skull and pharyngeal
• Sinus of Morgagni ascending pharyngeal
artery
• Space between the
•Structures passing superior constrictor,

GI 4th Year (11 decks)

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