Anatomy Of Peritoneum Flashcards
Define peritoneum
• Is a glistening transparent serous membrane • Lines the walls of abdominal cavity and lies on abdominal
and pelvic organs.
Peri toneum
Consists of two layers:
- Parietal
* Visceral
• Parietal • Visceral
are lined by ?
secretes?
simple squamous epithelium
(mesothelium)
peritoneal fluid
peritoneal cavity:
Between its two layers (Parietal • Visceral)
is the peritoneal cavity.
Functions
1-support and protect abdominopelvic organs.
2-Provide passage for nerves, vessels & lymphatics
3-Healing power and Adhesions:
4-Storage of Fat
5-Absorption and Dialysis:
Parietal peritoneum – Outer layer
Adheres to
anterior and posterior abdominal walls.
Parietal peritoneum
Derived from
somatic mesoderm.
Parietal peritoneum
Lines inner surface of
abdominal and pelvic walls and diaphragm
Parietal peritoneum separated from the walls by
extraperitoneal tissue
Parietal peritoneum Receives Blood supply and somatic nerve supply (spinal nn) from
same Blood supply and somatic nerve supply (spinal nn) as the
region of the abdominal wall that it lines
Pain from parietal peritoneum
is well localized. related to dermatomes
Parietal peritoneum Is———— to pressure, pain, laceration and temperature.
sensitive
Visceral peritoneum – Inner layer
Lines
outer surface of the viscera to which it is firmly attached; cannot
be separated
Visceral peritoneum ————-to cover the majority of the abdominal viscera.
Invaginates
Visceral peritoneum It’s made when
parietal peritoneum reflects from the abdominal wall to the
viscera.
Visceral peritoneum Derived from
splanchnic layer of lateral plated mesoderm.
Visceral peritoneum blood supply and autonomic nerve supply
as the viscera it
covers.
Pain from visceral peritoneum is———- localized
poorly
itisgeneralized
Visceral peritoneum Is only sensitive to
stretch and chemical irritation.
Visceral peritoneum Is ———- to pain caused by temperature or wounds (general stimuli-touch,
pressure, temperature)
insensitive
Pain is referred according to the
embryological origin of the
organ
Foregut structures arereferred to
epigastricregion
T7-T8
Midgut structers referred to
umbilicalregion
T9-T10
Hindgutstructures to
thepubic (hypogastric)region (T12-
L1/2)
Pain in retroperitoneal organs (e.g. kidney, pancreas) may
present as
back pain.
Irritation of the diaphragm (e.g. as a result of inflammation of
the liver, gallbladder or duodenum) may result in
shoulder tip pain
ReferredPainin
Appendicitis
umbilical region
right lower quadrant
Foregut –
oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder and the duodenum (proximal to the entrance of the common bile duct).
Midgut –
duodenum (distal to theentrance of the common bile duct) to the junction of the proximal two thirds of the transverse colon with the distal third.
Hindgut –
distal one third of the transverse colon to the upper part of anal canal.
Peritoneal cavity
potential space found between
the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum.
Peritoneal cavity
Is filled with small amount (thin film) of
serous peritoneal fluid
serous peritoneal fluid secreted by
mesothelial cells which line the peritoneum
serous peritoneal fluid Enables peritoneal layers to
slide against each other with
little friction while following the subtle movements of the
abdominopelvic organs.
serous peritoneal fluid Composed of
water, electrolytes, and other substances
derived from interstitial fluid in adjacent tissues.
antibodies and leukocytes used to
fight infection.
Peritoneum folds forms
pouches (recesses)
pouches (recesses) if there is an ongoing inflammation of adjacent organs
can be filled
with fluid
There are two divisions of the peritoneal cavity:
- Lesser sac (omental bursa)
* Greater sac
Lesser sac (omental bursa)
Is found
posterior to stomach and liver, and anterior
to pancreas and duodenum.
Lesser sac (omental bursa)
Provides space for
unhindered movement of
stomach.
Lesser sac (omental bursa) Has an irregular shape with:
Superior recess
Inferior recess
Superior recess is bordered by
diaphragm and
coronary ligament of the liver,
Inferior recess is found between
the folding
layers of the greater omentum.
Lesser sac (omental bursa) Communicates with greater sac via
epiploic foramen (omental foramen)
epiploic foramen (omental foramen) found
found posterior to the
free edge of the lesser omentum.
This foramen has clear borders:
- Anterior –
- Posterior –
- Superior –
- Inferior –
-hepatoduodenal ligament
-IVC and the right crus of the
diaphragm
• Superior –caudate lobe of the liver
• Inferior –superior part of the duodenum
lesssac
Greater sac
Extends from
diaphragm to pelvic cavity.
Greater sac
Is divided by
transverse mesocolon
Greater sac
Is divided by transverse mesocolon into
Supracoliccompartment
Infracoliccompartment
Supracolic compartment is found
anterior and superior to transverse mesocolon
Supracolic compartment contains
liver, stomach and spleen.
Infracolic compartment is found
posterior and inferior to transverse mesocolon
Infracolic compartment contains
- small intestine
- ascending colon
- descending colon
Infracolic compartment Looking from the anterior aspect, it is divided by the root
of the
mesentery of the small intestine into right and left
infracolic spaces.
Intraperitoneal organs
completely wrapped by
visceral peritoneum.
Intraperitoneal organs
liver, spleen, stomach, superior 1stpart of the duodenum,
jejunum,
ileum,
appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon,
superior part of the
rectum,
and tail of pancreas (only).
Intra-peritoneal organs are not inside peritoneal cavity, instead covered by
peritoneum
Urinary bladder
T
Retroperitoneal organs (primarily and secondarily retroperitoneal) Are found
posterior to peritoneum in retroperitoneal space with only their anterior
surface covered by parietal peritoneum.
Retroperitoneal organs Subdivided into two groups based on their embryological development: •
Primarily retroperitoneal organs
Secondary
Primarily retroperitoneal organs:
organs were initially intraperitoneal, suspended by mesentery. • Through the course of embryogenesis, they became retroperitoneal as their
mesentery fused with the posterior abdominal wall
Primarily retroperitoneal organs: Develop and remain—— the parietal peritoneum,
outside
Primarily retroperitoneal organs:
Esophagus, anal canal, kidneys, suprarenal (adrenal) glands, ureters, aorta,
IVC, distal one-third of rectum
Secondary retroperitoneal organs:
Pancreas (head, neck and body), distal duodenum, ascending colon,
, descending colon, proximal one-third of rectum
