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MSK > Anatomy of Forearm > Flashcards

Anatomy of Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Flexor carpi radialis also abduct the hand and Flexor carpi ulnaris nerve supply: Median nerve

A

Median nerve

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2
Q

Muscles that extend the medial four digits:

A

Extensor digitorum , extensor indicis , extensor digiti minimi

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3
Q

•All the deep extensor muscles cross the wrist joint except ________ which is crossing the elbow joint and stretching from ulna to radius

A

supinator

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4
Q

The basilic vein passes deeply near the junction of the middle and inferior third of the arm, piercing the brachial fascia and running parallel to the ___________

A

brachial artery

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5
Q

label the following:

A
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6
Q

Most superficial lymphatic vessels accompanying the cephalic vein enters the __________________, however some enter the more superficial deltopectoral lymph nodes.

A

apical axillary lymph nodes

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7
Q

Pronator teres innervation

A

Median nerve

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8
Q

cubital fossa

A

depression seen on ant aspect of elbow

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9
Q

Superficial group extensors (6 muscles)

A
  1. Brachioradialis 2. Extensor carpi radialis longus 3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis 4. Extensor digitorum 5. Extensor digiti minimi 6. Extensor carpi ulnaris
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10
Q

Posterior interosseus nerve innervates

A

extensor indicis , abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles

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11
Q

What happen if the radial nerve was injured due to fracture of the humerus at the spiral groove?

A

Wrist drop

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12
Q

label the following:

A
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13
Q

Median nerve enters the forearm with the ______ ______ and leaves the cubital fossa by passing between the heads of the _________ _______

A

brachial artery pronator teres

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14
Q

label the following:

A
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15
Q

Deep group extensors (5 muscles)

A
  1. Supinator 2. Extensor indicis 3. Abductor pollicis longus 4. Extensor pollicis longus 5. Extensor pollicis brevis
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16
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve passes between the two heads of the __________ as it leaves the cubital fossa.

A

supinator muscle

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17
Q

Anterior to the elbow the _________ communicates with the median cubital vein which passes obliquely across in the cubital fossa and join the basilic vein

A

cephalic vein

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18
Q

The ______ and ______ vein ascend in the subcutaneous tissue from the lateral and medial aspect of the dorsal venous network.

A

cephalic and basilic

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19
Q

label the following:

A
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20
Q

Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi radialis, and Flexor carpi ulnaris nerve supply: Median nerve

A

Median nerve

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21
Q

Muscles that extend or abduct the 1st digit or thumb:

A

Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus.

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22
Q

Lesion in Ulnar nerve

A

Ulnar claw hand, sensory loss

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23
Q

label the following:

A
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24
Q

The radial artery smaller than the ulnar artery begins in the cubital fossa neck the neck of the radius. It passes inferolaterally deep to the _________

A

brachioradialis

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25
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus innervation

A

The lateral part supplied by median nerve and the medial part supplied by ulnar nerve.

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26
Q

Superficial lymphatic vessels arise from lymphatic plexuses (3)

A

1- skin of the fingers 2- palms 3- dorsum of the hand.

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27
Q

Branches of the radial artery in the forearm:

A

muscular branches and radial recurrent artery.

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28
Q

Branches of the ulnar artery in the forearm:

A

anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent artery, common interosseous artery and muscular branches.

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29
Q

Flexor muscles (8 muscles) (3 DIVISIONS)

A

Flexor muscles (8 muscles) -Superficial layer 1. Pronator teres 2. Flexor carpi radialis 3. Palmaris longus 4. Flexor carpi ulnaris -Intermediate layer 1. Flexor digitorum superficialis -Deep layer 1. Flexor digitorum Profundus 2. Flexor pollicis longus 3. Pronator quadratus

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30
Q

label the following:

A
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31
Q

label the following:

A
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32
Q

Pronator quadratus function

A

•Pronates the forearm •Pronator quadratus is the prime mover in pronation assisted by the pronator teres when more speed and power are needed. •The pronator quadratus also helps the interosseous membrane hold the radius and ulna together.

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33
Q

label the following:

A
34
Q

What are the clinical importance of the cubital fossa?

A

•Sampling and transfusion of blood •Introduction of cardiac catheter •Coronary angiography

35
Q

label the following:

A
36
Q

label the following:

A
37
Q

Supinator muscle action

A

Supinates forearm. It is the prime mover in supination.

38
Q

label the following:

A
39
Q

label the following:

A
40
Q

label the following:

A
41
Q

During pronation, _______ and ________ rotate the __________________

A

pronator teres and pronator quadratus muscles rotate the lower end of the radius around the lower end of ulna

42
Q

Function of: flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi longus

A

the three muscles act together to flex the hand at the wrist joint. Flexor carpi radialis also abduct the hand and Flexor carpi ulnaris adduct the hand.

43
Q

All superficial muscles attached by

A

the common flexor tendon to the medial epicondyle of the humerus All muscles of the anterior compartment are supplied by the median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris and & medial part of flexor digitorum profundus , which are supplied by ulnar

44
Q

Some vessels accompanying the basilic vein enter the _____ lymph nodes. Efferent vessels from these lymph nodes ascend in the arm and terminate in the humeral (lateral) axillary lymph nodes.

A

cubital lymph nodes

45
Q

The tendon of the _____________ is a guide to locate the ulnar nerve and artery

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

46
Q

Floor of cubital fossa

A

•Brachialis Muscle •Supinator muscle

47
Q

During supination, _______ and ________ rotate the __________________

A

Supinator and biceps rotate the radius in opposite direction (Supination)

48
Q

label the following:

A
49
Q

Lesion of median nerve effects:

A

-Flexion of proximal interphalangeal joint of 1-3 is lost and 4-5 weakened.

50
Q

contents of cubital fossa

A

•Terminal part of brachial artery •Radial and ulnar arteries •Deep veins (accompany the arteries) •Biceps brachii tendon •Median nerve •Radial nerve

51
Q

Radial nerve lesion in forearm: -Deep branch:

A

-Inability to extend the thumb, metacarpophalangeal joint of the other digits -No loss of sensation

52
Q

Roof of cubital fossa

A

•Skin •Deep fascia •Bicipital Aponeurosis

53
Q

Radial nerve divides into _________ and ______ branches as it enters the forearm.

A

superficial and deep

54
Q

The ____________vein is highly variable. Begins at the base of the thumb and ascend in the middle of the anterior aspect of the forearm between the cephalic and basilic

A

median antibrachial

55
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus function

A

Flexes distal phalanges at distal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits

56
Q

Radial nerve lesion in forearm: Superficial branch

A

-Minimal sensory loss

57
Q

•All the superficial extensor muscles cross the elbow and wrist joint except ____________ which crosses only elbow joint.

A

brachioradialis

58
Q

label the following:

A
59
Q

All muscles of the anterior compartment are supplied by the_______ _____ except ________________________

A

median nerve EXCEPT Flexor carpi ulnaris and & medial part of flexor digitorum profundus, which are supplied by ulnar

60
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis function

A

Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits.

61
Q

label the following:

A
62
Q

__________ and __________ enter the forearm between the two heads of origin of the muscle

A

Median nerve and ulnar artery

63
Q

contents of the roof of cubital fossa

A

•Median cubital vein •Basilic and cephalic vein •Medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of forearm

64
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation

A

Median nerve

65
Q

boundaries of cubital fossa

A

superiorly: Imaginary line joining medial and lateral epicondyles Laterally: Mass of extensor muscles of forearm arising from lateral epicondyle and supracondylar ridge. Most superficially brachioradialis muscle. Medially: Mass of flexor muscles arising from medial epicondyle, Most superficially pronator teres muscle

66
Q

Pronator teres function

A

Pronates and flexes the forearm

67
Q

label the following:

A
68
Q

label the following:

A
69
Q

Atypical method of injury to the ______ or _____ arteries is when the hand is forced through a plate glass window. Fortunately, the dual supply to the hand enable the surgeon to tie of either one with out significant consequences.

A

radial or ulnar arteries

70
Q

The cephalic vein enters the clavipectoral triangle to join the _______.

A

axillary vein.

71
Q

Flexor pollicis longus function

A

The flexor pollicis longus is the only muscle that flexes the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. It also flexes the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joint of the thumb and may assist in flexion of the wrist.

72
Q

•All deep extensors act on the wrist joint and other distal joints of the hand except:

A

supinator which acts on the radioulnar joints

73
Q

•Brachioradialis , extensor carpi radialis longus are innervated by __________ rest of the muscles are innervated by ________________.

A

radial nerve deep branch of radial nerve

74
Q

•All the deep extensors are innervated by __________, except supinator which is innervated by ________.

A

posterior interosseous nerve deep branch of radial nerve

75
Q

The ulnar artery begins in the cubital fossa near the neck of the radius and descend through the anterior compartment deep to pronator teres . It then pass distally over the anterior aspects of the wrist to the palm on the lateral side of _____________

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

76
Q

Muscle that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint:

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi ulnaris

77
Q

Flexor pollicis longus innervation

A

Median nerve

78
Q

Pronator quadratus innervation

A

Median nerve

79
Q

Median nerve in forearm Branches:

A

1) Articular: to elbow joint 2) Muscular branches to superficial flexors (Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis) 3) Anterior interosseous branch: Supplies deep forearm muscle except ulnar part of flexor digitorum profundus

80
Q

Deep branch of radial nerve innervates

A

It innervates extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum,extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris and supinator muscles

81
Q

Arteries of the flexor compartment of forearm

A

• Brachial Artery divides into its terminal branches radial artery and ulnar artery in the cubital fossa. • Both radial and Ulnar arteries give several branches to elbow joint. • Ulnar artery gives common interosseous artery(divides into anterior and posterior interosseus artery which accompany the nerves of the same name in front and behind the interosseous membrane

MSK (8 decks)

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