Anatomy Of A Bone

Question 1

Epiphysis

Answer 1

• the end part of a long bone,
  -primarily made of cancellous (spongy) bone,
  -capped with smooth, bloodless articular cartilage.
  -It is responsible for bone growth until around age 20 when the epiphyseal line (previously a cartilage plate) fully ossifies, marking the end of bone growth.

Question 2

Diaphysis

Answer 2

-The diaphysis is the shaft of the long bone, -composed of compact bone surrounding a central cavity.
-It is strong and resists bending forces.
-The compact bone supports the bone during the formation of the medullary cavity.

Question 3

Articular Cartilage

Answer 3

• smooth, slippery cartilage found at the joint ends -facilitates movement and reduces friction. -nourished by synovial fluid from the joint cavity.

Question 4

Periosteum

Answer 4

• periosteum is a fibrous, vascular sheath covering the bone (except at the joints)
  -provided nutrients and housing bone cells for growth and repair.

Question 5

Cancellous (Spongy) Bone and Red Marrow:

Answer 5

-a porous, structure found in the epiphyses
- supports the stresses from weight and movement.
-Red marrow, found in these spaces produces red and white blood cells.

Question 6

Compact bone

Answer 6

-Found in the diaphysis
-dense and organized in concentric layers.
-It provides strength and protection, with nutrient blood reaching the bone cells through a system of integrated canals.

Question 7

Medullary Cavity and Yellow Marrow:

Answer 7

-The medullary cavity in the diaphysis is a hollow area that reduces bone weight
-houses yellow marrow (fat) after childhood, as blood cell production shifts to other areas.

Question 8

Nutrient artery

Answer 8

The nutrient artery enters through a small tunnel in the diaphysis, supplying blood to the bone, while arteries in the epiphyses arise from the joint capsule.