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Principles SOH > Anatomy: nervous system > Flashcards

Anatomy: nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory functions

A

Pain
Touch
Temperature
Senses

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2
Q

Motor functions

A

Movement

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3
Q

Composition of neurones

A

Dendrites
Body (contains nucleus)
Axon (nerve fibre which carries APs)
Myelin sheath (covers axon)

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4
Q

Afferent neurones

A

Sensory

Brings signal towards the CNS

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5
Q

Efferent neurones

A

Motor

Projects away from the CNS

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6
Q

Synapse

A

Site of chemical communication between neurones
Neurones meet but don’t physically touch
Ensures that only truly meaningful info is conveyed along the neurone chain

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7
Q

Somatic nervous system

A 
Body wall (external environment) 
eg: skin, skeleton, lining of body cavities
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8
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A 
Visceral motor system 
Internal environment
Involuntary
sympathetic & parasympathetic 
eg: organs
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9
Q

Grey matter of the cerebral cortex is outer/inner

A

Outer

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10
Q

White matter of the cerebral cortex is outer/inner

A

Inner

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11
Q

Brainstem

A

Pons
Medulla oblongata
Becomes the SC when it leaves the cranial vault (via foramen magnum)

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12
Q

SC is shorter/longer than vertebral column

A

Shorter

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13
Q

Where does CNI arise

A

Cerebrum

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14
Q

Where does CNII arise

A

Thalmus

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15
Q

Where does CNXI arise

A

Spinal cord

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16
Q

Where does CNIII-CNX & CNXII arise

A

Brainstem

17
Q

Where are spinal nerves located

A

Within intervertebral foramina (the space between adjacent vertebrae)

18
Q

Anterior roots & rootlets ?

sensory/motor/mixed

A

Motor

think - ARM

19
Q

Posterior roots & rootlets ?

sensory/motor/mixed

A

Sensory

20
Q

Anterior & posterior rami?

A

Mixed

21
Q

How are spinal nerves named?

A

According to the vertebrae above it

except in the cervical region where they are named according to the vertebrae below it

22
Q

What does posterior rami supply?

A

Posterior median strip of each body segment

23
Q

What does anterior rami supply?

A

Everything that the posterior rami doesn’t cover

24
Q

Sympathetic nerves (ANS)

A

Originates in brain
Passes doen SC
Exits SC with T1-L2 spinal nerves (thoracolumbar outflow)
in anterior roots & rootlets
Travels to sympathetic chains
Passes into all spinal nerves and hitch a ride with them
Pass into splanchnic nerves to supply organs

25
Q

Parasympathetic nerves (ANS)

A 
Cranio-sacral outflow - Leave CNS via CNIII, VII, IX, X and sacral spinal nerves 
Supply internal organs 
Long presynaptic fibre 
Synapse occurs at organ 
Short postsynaptic fibre
26
Q

Where is the level of the male nipple

A

T4

27
Q

Where is the level of the umbilicus

A

T10

28
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin supplied by both anterior and posterior rami of a spinal nerve

29
Q

Body wall sensory & motor supply

A

Sensory - somatic sensory

Motor - somatic motor

30
Q

Organs sensory & motor supply

A

Sensory - visceral afferent

Motor - sympathetic and parasympathetic

31
Q

Special sense organs sensory & motor supply

A

Sensory - special sensory

Motor - sympathetic and parasympathetic

32
Q

Somatic sensory pathway

A

Sensory AP’s synapse at dorsal horn at SC
Signal crosses the SC and goes to the brainstem and towards the thalamus.
Second synapse occurs at thalmus
Third neurone goes to the cortex of the brain

33
Q

Somatic motor pathway

A

Upper motor neurone - originates oposite side from movement

Lower motor neurone - originates same side as movement

34
Q

Visceral afferents

A

Sensations from organs to CNS

commonly travel with sympathetics and parasympathetics

35
Q

Sympathetic system

A

Fight and flight

36
Q

Parasympathetic system

A

Rest and digest

Principles SOH (5 decks)

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