Anatomy - Muscles and Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

limb/appendicular muscles

A

attach from trunk to limb bones or only to limb bones

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2
Q

trunk/axial muscles

A

attach only to the trunk

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3
Q

tendons are made of…

A

fibrous, dense regular connective tissue

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4
Q

the origin of a muscle

A

the proximal /superior /medial attachment

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5
Q

the insertion of a muscle

A

the distal/ inferior/ lateral attachment

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6
Q

attachment of tendon to bone

A

tendon fibres are embedded in the periosteum

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7
Q

aponeurosis

A

thin, broad, flat tendons. e.g. anterior tendons of the abdominal oblique muscles

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8
Q

a diaphragm

A

a muscle that crosses the medial sagittal plane

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9
Q

action of the diaphragm

A

descends on contraction. ascends on relaxation

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10
Q

action of anterior fibres of the deltoid

A

flexion

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11
Q

action of middle fibres of the deltoid

A

abduction

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12
Q

action of posterior fibres of the deltoid

A

extension

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13
Q

main action of the deltoid

A

abduction

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14
Q

location of smooth muscle

A

organs and blood vessels

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15
Q

location of cardiac muscle

A

the heart wall

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16
Q

synergistic muscles

A

stabilise muscle movements to keep them even, assists the movement of a joint

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17
Q

fixator /stabilising muscles

A

stabilise a joint so it can move efficiently without risk of dislocation. e.g. rotator cuff muscles around a shoulder joint

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18
Q

intramuscular septa

A

separate muscles into muscle compartments. extends from the periosteum of the bone to the deep fascia surrounding the muscles

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19
Q

muscles in the same compartment have common

A

nerves supplying them and actions

20
Q

action of the anterior compartments of the arm and forearm

A

flexion

21
Q

action of the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm

A

extension

22
Q

ligaments are made of…

A

fibrous, dense regular connective tissue

23
Q

brachial plexus

A

the nerve network that supplies the upper limb. located in the axilla (armpit)

24
Q

lumbosacral plexus

A

the nerve network supplying the lower limb, located in the posterior abdomen and pelvis

25
Q

origin of brachial plexus nerves

A

C5 - T1, as the upper limb develops as an outgrowth of the cervical trunk

26
Q

spinal nerve roots of the lumbosacral plexus

A

L1 - S4

27
Q

the ventral rami supply…

A

the skin muscles and bones of the anterolateral trunk and the entire upper and lower limbs

28
Q

the dorsal rami supply…

A

the posterior side of the trunk only

29
Q

nomenclature of intercostal nerves

A

each intercostal nerve lies below the rib of the same number.

30
Q

the subcostal nerve

A

T12 intercostal nerve

31
Q

nerve supply to the anterior abdominal wall muscles

A

intercostal nerves T7-T12

32
Q

cutaneous nerves

A

nerves that supply the skin overlying muscles, contain nerve fibres from varying spinal levels.

33
Q

dermatomes

A

the area of skin supplied by nerve fibres from a single spinal level (although the fibres may be present in multiple cutaneous nerves).

34
Q

location of sternal angle

A

dermatome T2

35
Q

location of nipples

A

dermatome T4

36
Q

location of umbilicis

A

dermatome T10

37
Q

endoneurium

A

connective tissue surrounding the myelin sheath of each nerve fibre

38
Q

perineurium

A

surrounds each fascicle (bundle of fibres)

39
Q

epineurium

A

surrounds multiple bundles of nerve fibres (fascicles) in large nerves

40
Q

fascicle

A

bundle of nerve fibres

41
Q

motor unit

A

one motor neuron and all the muscle fibres innervated by it

42
Q

motor end plate

A

the flattened end of a motor neuron that transmits neural impulses to a muscle

43
Q

myelin

A

a white, fatty substance that surrounds the axons of some neurons. an electrically insulating layer

44
Q

grey matter consists of

A

neuronal cell bodies

45
Q

white matter consists of…

A

myelinated axons

46
Q

ganglion

A

a group of nerve cell bodies