Anatomy - Muscles and Nerves

Question 1

limb/appendicular muscles

Answer 1

attach from trunk to limb bones or only to limb bones

Question 2

trunk/axial muscles

Answer 2

attach only to the trunk

Question 3

tendons are made of…

Answer 3

fibrous, dense regular connective tissue

Question 4

the origin of a muscle

Answer 4

the proximal /superior /medial attachment

Question 5

the insertion of a muscle

Answer 5

the distal/ inferior/ lateral attachment

Question 6

attachment of tendon to bone

Answer 6

tendon fibres are embedded in the periosteum

Question 7

aponeurosis

Answer 7

thin, broad, flat tendons. e.g. anterior tendons of the abdominal oblique muscles

Question 8

a diaphragm

Answer 8

a muscle that crosses the medial sagittal plane

Question 9

action of the diaphragm

Answer 9

descends on contraction. ascends on relaxation

Question 10

action of anterior fibres of the deltoid

Answer 10

flexion

Question 11

action of middle fibres of the deltoid

Answer 11

abduction

Question 12

action of posterior fibres of the deltoid

Answer 12

extension

Question 13

main action of the deltoid

Answer 13

abduction

Question 14

location of smooth muscle

Answer 14

organs and blood vessels

Question 15

location of cardiac muscle

Answer 15

the heart wall

Question 16

synergistic muscles

Answer 16

stabilise muscle movements to keep them even, assists the movement of a joint

Question 17

fixator /stabilising muscles

Answer 17

stabilise a joint so it can move efficiently without risk of dislocation. e.g. rotator cuff muscles around a shoulder joint

Question 18

intramuscular septa

Answer 18

separate muscles into muscle compartments. extends from the periosteum of the bone to the deep fascia surrounding the muscles

Question 19

muscles in the same compartment have common

Answer 19

nerves supplying them and actions

Question 20

action of the anterior compartments of the arm and forearm

Answer 20

flexion

Question 21

action of the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm

Answer 21

extension

Question 22

ligaments are made of…

Answer 22

fibrous, dense regular connective tissue

Question 23

brachial plexus

Answer 23

the nerve network that supplies the upper limb. located in the axilla (armpit)

Question 24

lumbosacral plexus

Answer 24

the nerve network supplying the lower limb, located in the posterior abdomen and pelvis

Question 25

origin of brachial plexus nerves

Answer 25

C5 - T1, as the upper limb develops as an outgrowth of the cervical trunk

Question 26

spinal nerve roots of the lumbosacral plexus

Answer 26

L1 - S4

Question 27

the ventral rami supply...

Answer 27

the skin muscles and bones of the anterolateral trunk and the entire upper and lower limbs

Question 28

the dorsal rami supply...

Answer 28

the posterior side of the trunk only

Question 29

nomenclature of intercostal nerves

Answer 29

each intercostal nerve lies below the rib of the same number.

Question 30

the subcostal nerve

Answer 30

T12 intercostal nerve

Question 31

nerve supply to the anterior abdominal wall muscles

Answer 31

intercostal nerves T7-T12

Question 32

cutaneous nerves

Answer 32

nerves that supply the skin overlying muscles, contain nerve fibres from varying spinal levels.

Question 33

dermatomes

Answer 33

the area of skin supplied by nerve fibres from a single spinal level (although the fibres may be present in multiple cutaneous nerves).

Question 34

location of sternal angle

Answer 34

dermatome T2

Question 35

location of nipples

Answer 35

dermatome T4

Question 36

location of umbilicis

Answer 36

dermatome T10

Question 37

endoneurium

Answer 37

connective tissue surrounding the myelin sheath of each nerve fibre

Question 38

perineurium

Answer 38

surrounds each fascicle (bundle of fibres)

Question 39

epineurium

Answer 39

surrounds multiple bundles of nerve fibres (fascicles) in large nerves

Question 40

fascicle

Answer 40

bundle of nerve fibres

Question 41

motor unit

Answer 41

one motor neuron and all the muscle fibres innervated by it

Question 42

motor end plate

Answer 42

the flattened end of a motor neuron that transmits neural impulses to a muscle

Question 43

myelin

Answer 43

a white, fatty substance that surrounds the axons of some neurons. an electrically insulating layer

Question 44

grey matter consists of

Answer 44

neuronal cell bodies

Question 45

white matter consists of...

Answer 45

myelinated axons

Question 46

ganglion

Answer 46

a group of nerve cell bodies