Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Z Medicine Term 1 > Anatomy - Back, Lymphatics and Nerves cont. > Flashcards

Anatomy - Back, Lymphatics and Nerves cont. Flashcards

1
Q

location of lamina on vertebra

A

between spinous and transverse processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

location of pedicle on lamina

A

between vertebral body and articular facet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

label this vertebra

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

intervertebral notch/foramen

A

gap between two vertebrae where spinal nerves pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

type of joint between vertebral bodies

A

secondary cartilagenous/

fibrocartilagenous/ synphysis joint

(the intervertebral disk forms the fibrous cartilage part of the joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

type of joints between articular facets of ajacent vertebrae

A

synovial plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name given to C1

A

altals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name given to C2

A

Axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name given to C7

A

vertebra prominens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe a cervical vertebra

A

very small transverse process,

small body

split spinous process

large vertebral cannal

foramen for vertebral artery and veins to pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe a thoracic vertebra

A

long transverse processes

downward pointing spinous process

medium body

small/low articular facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe a lumbar vertebra

A

short transverse processes

large body

long spinous process

high articular facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

annulus fibrosis

A

outer fibrous ring of the intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

inner gel like centre of the intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

“slipped disk”

A

the nucleus pulposus herniates (protrudes) through the annulus fibrosis. can be serious of it herniates posterolaterally and compresses an emerging spinal nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ligamenta flava

(singular. ligamentum flavum)

A

connect adjacent vertebral laminae from C2 to S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

runs down the anterior surface of the spine.

crosses all the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs.

prevents hyperextension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

on the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies (inside the vertebral canal)

from C2 - S1

prevents extreme flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

supraspinous ligament

A

connects the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to S1

limits hyperflexion of the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
intraspinous ligament
connect adjacent spinous processes meet the ligamenta flava in front and blend with the supraspinous ligament behind prevent hyperflexion weaker than the supraspinous ligaments
26
lordoses
convex curves (facing a person) cervical and lumbar lordoses formed after birth
27
kyphoses
concave curves (facing a person) thoracic and sacral lordoses exist in the foetus
28
excessive lordosis
exagerated lumbar lordose | (normal in pregnancy)
29
excessive kyphosis
exagerated thoracic kyphose | (common in the elderly)
30
scoliosis
an S or C shaped sideways curve | (common in adolescents)
31
movement of cervical vertebrae
in the horizontal/transverse plane permits mostly flexion and extension, some lateral flexion and rotation
32
movement of the thoracic vertebrae
in the frontal/coronal plane permits rotation and lateral flexion
33
movement of the lumbar vertebrae
in the sagittal plane permits flexion and (mostly) extension
34
position of the errector spinae muscles
between the vertebral transverse and spinous processes
35
lumbar puncture position
between L3+4 in an adult (spinal cord ends at L1) between L4+5 in a child (spinal cord ends at L3 in babies)
36
lymph
a plasma filtrate which has leaked from capillary beds due to high hydrostatic pressure
37
the lymphatic system
returns lymph to the circulatory system. Important in immunity and cancer metastasis every organ has lymphatic drainage apart from cartilage, the eyes, inner ear, brain and spinal cord.
38
locations of major groups of lymph nodes
1. axillary (armpit) 2. superficial and deep inguinal (lower sides of abdomen) 3. pectoral (around pectoralis major) 4. tracheobronchial (where trachea splits) 5. lumbar and pelvic (around root of arteries in abdomen and pelvis) 6. superficial and deep cervical (neck)
39
structure of a lymph node
40
function of a lymph node
lymph filtration and immune surveillance
41
sentinel node
the first lymph node draining a cancer
42
efferent lymphatic vessels
carry lymph from lymph nodes to the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct. these ducts then carry the lymph back to the venous circulation.
43
azygos vein
a vein that runs up the right side of the thoracic vertebral column and then drains into the superior vena cava
44
thoracic duct
located on the vertebral bodies between the azygos vein and the aorta crosses from the right to the left side of the vertebral bodies at T4 drains into the blood stream at the medial end of the left subclavian vein
45
right lymphatic duct
drains the right upper quadrant of the body into the internal jugular vein
46
medial end of the left subclavian vein
where the lymph drains from the thoracic duct into the venous circulatory system
47
cisterna chyli
the begining of the thoracic duct located on the anterior side of the vertebral bodies for L1-2 collects fally chyle from the intestines
48
occipital bone
where the spinal cord begins
49
conus medullaris
the tapered lower end of the spinal cord spinal nerves that form the cauda equina emerge from it
50
filum terminale
a fibrous extension at the end of the spinal cord extends from the apex of the conus medularis to the fist secment of the coccyx
51
cauda equina | (horse tail)
a bundle of sminal nerves from L2 to Cc1 which arise from the lumbar enlargement and conus medularis the nerves that emerge innervate the pelvic organs and lower limbs
52
cervical and lumbar enlargements
result fromenlargement of the grey matter necessary to supply the limbs
53
primary function of the meninges
to protect and cushion the central nervous system
54
the meninges | (outside to inside)
dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater
55
dura mater/ dural sac and arachnoid mater descend to...
S2
56
subarachnoid space
between arachnoid mater and pia mater contains cerebrospinal fluid
57
spinal epidural space
between the spinal dura and the periosteum covering the vertebral bodies
58
subdural space
between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater
59
vertebral venous plexus
drains the vertebrae and the spinal cord. found in the fatty tissue between the dura matter and the vertebrae (the epidural space)
60
location of lateral horn cells
T1 - L2
61
sympathetic trunk / chain
a vertical chain of interconnected ganglia (paravertebral ganglia) extends from C1 - S5
62
ganglia
collection of nerve cell bodies
63
"thoracic" splanchic nerves
autonomic nerves that run right through the sympathetic chainand synapse in a prevertebral ganglion in the abdomen. emerge anteromedially from the sympathetic chain, run parallel to the sympthetic chain
64
white rami communicantes
carry sympathetic fibres from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic ganglion myelinated
65
grey rami communicantes
carry sympathetic fibres from the sympathetic ganglion back to the ventral ramus. unmyelinated
66
parasympathetic nerve fibres
carried in some cranial nerves and in spinal nerves S2-4 arise in lateral horn cells in the conus medullaris, descend in the cauda equina and emerge between vertebral levels S2-4
67
inferior hypogastric/ pelvic plexus
a plexus of mixed autonomic axons on either side of the rectum
68
pelvic splanchnic nerves
parasympathetic nerves that originate from S2-4 and supply the pelvic and lover abdominal organs (distal colon, rectum, bladder, genital organs) They synapse in parasympathetic ganglia located within the walls of the target organs

Z Medicine Term 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions