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Bio Infectious Diseases > Anatomy Lab 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the features of the frontal bone?

A
  • frontal sinus

- supraorbital foramen/notch

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2
Q

what are the features of the occipital bone?

A
  • foramen magnum
  • occipital condyles
  • external occipital protuberance
  • hypoglossal canal
  • jugular foramen
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3
Q
  • located on the most anterior portion of the cranium

- referred to as the forehead

A

frontal bone

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4
Q

-on the most posterior and inferior aspect of the cranium

A

occipital bone

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5
Q

what are the features of the temporal bone?

A
  • zygomatic process
  • mastoid process
  • styloid process
  • stylomastoid foramen
  • mandibular fossa
  • external acoustic meatus/canal
  • internal acoustic meatus/canal
  • carotid canal
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6
Q
  • located on the lateral sides of the cranium

- separated form the parietal bones and sphenoid bones by the sqaumous suture

A

temporal bones

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7
Q

what are the features of the sphenoid bone?

A
  • sphenoid sinus
  • sella turcica
  • hypophyseal fossa
  • optic canals
  • clinoid process
  • superior orbital fissure
  • inferior orbital fissure
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen spinosum
  • foramen lacerum
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8
Q
  • bat-like shaped bone within the cranium
  • a small part of it can be viewed on the external cranium–between the temporal bone and frontal bone on the lateral side of the cranium
A

sphenoid bone

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9
Q

what are the features of the ethmoid bone?

A
  • ethmoid sinus
  • crista galli
  • cribiform plate
  • perpendicular plate
  • nasal conchae (superior and middle)
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10
Q

can be found within the nasal cavity as well as inside the cranial cavity

A

ethmoid bone

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11
Q

located along the midline, in the most anterior aspect of the frontal bone, just superior to the nose

A

frontal sinus of the frontal bone

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12
Q

two holes located just superior to the orbit (eyesocket)

A

supraorbital foramen/notch of the frontal bone

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13
Q
  • two of them
  • located posterior to the frontal bone
  • separated by sagittal suture
A

parietal bones

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14
Q

the largest hole in the base of the skull and serves as a passageway for the brain stem

A

foramen magnum of the occipital bone

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15
Q

two smooth, rounded bumps located immediately lateral on both sides of the foramen magnum

A

occipital condyles of the occipital bone

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16
Q
  • bump located on the posterior side of the cranium, just superior to the base of the skull
  • level with your ears
A

external occipital protuberance of the occipital bone

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17
Q

just superior to the lateral sides of the foramen magnum

A

hypoglossal canals of the occipital bone

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18
Q
  • larger holes superior to the hypoglossal canals

- jelly bean shaped

A

jugular foramen of the occipital bone

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19
Q
  • on the anterior side of the temporal bone

- contributes to the zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic process of the temporal bone

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20
Q
  • posterior to the external acoustic meatus
  • rounded protrusion that extends inferiorly off the posterior temporal bone
  • looks like a thumb
A

mastoid process of the temporal bone

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21
Q
  • located just medial to the mastoid process on the inferior aspect of the skull
  • a long skinny and pointed projection off of the inferior temporal bone
  • looks like a stylus
A

styloid process of the temporal bone

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22
Q

located between the mastoid process and the styloid process

A

stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone

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23
Q

the smooth indentation located just anterior to the external acoustic canal

A

mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

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24
Q
  • on the external side of the temporal bone

- located just posterior to the temporomandibular joint

A

external acoustic meatus/canal of the temporal bone

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25
Q

an opening located on the posterior aspect of the petrous temporal bone, just superior to the jugular foramen in the occipital bone

A

internal acoustic meatus/canal of the temporal bone

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26
Q
  • on the anterior aspect of the petrous temporal bone, just lateral to the junction between the occipital and sphenoid bones
  • lies adjacent to the foramen lacerum
  • turned at an angle
A

carotid canal of the temporal bone

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27
Q
  • can be seen in a sagittal section of the skull

- small cavity located just below the sella turcica and posterior to the nasal cavity

A

sphenoid sinus of the sphenoid bone

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28
Q

found in the center of the sphenoid bone along the midline and is saddle-like in shape

A

sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

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29
Q

the dip in the center of the sella turcica

A

hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone

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30
Q

openings located just anterior and slightly lateral to the sella turcica and are bounded on the lateral sides by processes that stick out and point toward the sella turcica

A

optic canals of the sphenoid bone

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31
Q

processes that stick out and point toward the sella turcica

A

clinoid process of the sphenoid bone

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32
Q
  • large elongated slit inside the orbit

- more superior, adjacent to the optic canal

A

superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone

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33
Q
  • large, elongated slit

- more inferior, opens into the space under the skull

A

inferior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone

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34
Q

located just posterior to the superior orbital fissure

A

foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone

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35
Q
  • posterior and lateral to the foramen rotundum

- larger hole and oval shaped

A

foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone

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36
Q
  • posterior and lateral to foramen ovale

- smaller hole

A

foramen spinosum of the sphenoid bone

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37
Q

just lateral to the sella turcica and directly adjacent to the carotid canal

A

foramen lacerum of the sphenoid bone

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38
Q

small protrusion located along the midline

A

crista galli of the ethmoid bone

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39
Q
  • just lateral to, and on both sides of the crista galli
  • contains tiny holes located throughout
  • forms superior border of the nasal cavity
A

cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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40
Q

an inferior extension of the ethmoid bone along the midline of the nasal cavity and forms the superior part of the nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

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41
Q

curling, bony shelves extending from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

nasal conchae (superior and middle) of the ethmoid bone

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42
Q
  • separates parietal bones

- courses down the midline of the cranium

A

sagittal suture

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43
Q

separates the frontal bone from the two parietal bones

A

coronal suture

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44
Q
  • forms upside down v-shape

- separates the two parietal bones from the occipital bone

A

lambdoid suture

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45
Q

separates the temporal bones from the parietal bones and sphenoid bones

A

squamous suture

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46
Q
  • separates frontal bone during development

- fuses at 9 onths and closes at 6-8 years

A

metopic/frontal suture

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47
Q
  • located between coronal and sagittal sutures

- closes at 1.5-2.5 years

A

anterior fontanelle

48
Q
  • located between sagittal and lambdoid sutures

- closes at 2-3 months

A

posterior fontanelle

49
Q
  • between coronal and squamous sutures
  • by temples
  • closes at 6 months
A

sphenoidal fontanelle

50
Q
  • located between lambdoid and squamous sutures

- closes at 6 months-1.5 years

A

mastoid fontanelle

51
Q

what are the facial bones?

A
  • lacrimal bone
  • nasal bone
  • vomer
  • inferior nasal conchae
  • zygomatic bone
  • maxilla
  • mandible
52
Q

what is a feature of the lacrimal bone?

A

nasolacrimal canal

53
Q

what are the features of the maxilla?

A
  • maxillary sinus
  • infraorbital foramen
  • anterior nasal spine
  • alveolar process
54
Q

what are the features of the mandible?

A
  • alveolar process
  • mental foramen
  • ramus
  • mandibular notch
  • condylar process
  • coronoid process
  • mandibular foramen
55
Q

located within the medial wall of the orbit

A

lacrimal bone

56
Q

small hole found within the lacrimal bone

A

nasolacrimal canal

57
Q
  • two small ones

- located on the superior aspect of the nose, just below the frontal bone

A

nasal bone

58
Q
  • the bone that forms the inferior par of the nasal septum

- articulates with perpendicular plate

A

vomer

59
Q

the bottom of the 3 bony shelves that project off the lateral sides of the nasal cavity

A

inferior nasal conchae

60
Q
  • cheek bones

- form the lateral walls and inferior borders of the orbits

A

zygomatic bone

61
Q

extends from the lateral border of the zygomatic bone and contributes to the zygomatic arch

A

temporal process

62
Q

large cavities contained within the maxilla on the lateral sides of the nose/nasal cavity

A

maxillary sinuses of the maxilla

63
Q

two small holes located just inferior and slightly medial to the orbit

A

infraorbital foramen of the maxilla

64
Q
  • small bony protrusion along the midline, off the anterior aspect of the vomer
  • contains an upraised line extending down toward the alveolar process
A

anterior nasal spine of the maxilla

65
Q

the inferior ridge of the maxilla that contains the tooth sockets for the upper row of teeth

A

alveolar process of the maxilla

66
Q

the ridge of bone projecting superiorly and containing the tooth sockets for the lower jaw

A

alveolar process of the mandible

67
Q
  • two small holes

- located just lateral to the midline of the mandible on the anterior side (chin)

A

mental foramen of the mandible

68
Q

the entire flattened portion that makes up the lateral side of the mandible

A

ramus of the mandible

69
Q

small dip/notch located between the condylar and coronoid processes

A

mandibular notch of the mandible

70
Q
  • the most posterior and superior projection

- more rounded and larger process

A

condylar process of the mandible

71
Q

-more anterior, pointy, and smaller process

A

coronoid process of the mandible

72
Q

openings on the inside/deep side of the mandibular ramus

A

mandibular foramen of the mandible

73
Q

one large bone that forms the upper jaw

A

maxilla

74
Q

one large bone that forms the lower part of the jaw

A

mandible

75
Q

what are the typical features found on vertebrae?

A
  • body
  • spinous process
  • transverse process
  • vertebral foramen
  • superior articular fact
  • inferior articular facet
  • pedicle
  • lamina
76
Q
  • large, thickened portion of the vertebrae

- align on top of each other and form the most anterior aspect of the vertebral column

A

body

77
Q
  • posterior side of each vertebrae
  • a bony process that sticks out
  • angled in the inferior direction
A

spinous process

78
Q

most lateral projections of each vertebrae

A

transverse process

79
Q

large hole located between the vertebral body and the spinous process

A

vertebral foramen

80
Q

two articular processes with facets found on the superior side of the vertebrae

A

superior articular facet

81
Q

two articular processes with facets on the inferior side of the vertebrae

A

inferior articular facet

82
Q

region of bone located between the transverse process and the vertebral body

A

pedicle

83
Q

region of bone located between the transverse process and the spinous process

A

lamina

84
Q
  • located within the neck
  • extend from the base of the skull down to the level of the shoulders
  • have smaller bodies
  • 7 of them
  • have transverse foramen
A

cervical vertebrae

85
Q
  • lacks vertebral body and spinous process

- has anterior and posterior arch

A

atlas (C1)

86
Q
  • has a dens

- underneath the atlas

A

axis

87
Q
  • located below the cervical vertebrae
  • extend from the shoulders to the middle back
  • have costal facets
  • look like giraffes from the back
  • 12 of them
A

thoracic vertebrae

88
Q
  • small smooth surfaces found on the anterior side of transverse processes
  • two small grooves on posterior aspect of vertebral bodies
  • only on thoracic vertebrae
A

costal facets

89
Q
  • middle back to hips
  • largest vertebrae
  • dont have costal facets
  • 5 of them
A

lumbar vertebrae

90
Q
  • large triangular shaped bone with the wider end being the most superior
  • has a curve to it
  • made of 5 fused bones
A

sacrum

91
Q

what are the features of the sacrum?

A
  • sacral promontory
  • sacral canal
  • sacral foramina
  • auricular surface
92
Q
  • most anterior projection at the midline

- along superior border of the anterior side

A

sacral promontory of the sacrum

93
Q
  • large circular passageway along posterior side of the sacrum
  • continuation of the vertebral canal
A

sacral canal of the sacrum

94
Q

pairs of smaller holes just lateral to the midline

A

sacral foramina of the sacrum

95
Q
  • two large, rough surfaces on the lateral sides of the sacrum
  • joins with pelvis
A

auricular surface of the sacrum

96
Q
  • tailbone
  • doesnt have any typical vertebrae features
  • 4 fused bones
A

coccyx

97
Q
  • present during fetal development and birth
  • curved in direction of the anterior
  • thoracic and sacral
A

primary curvature

98
Q
  • formed later during development because of increasing muscle ability
  • curved toward posterior
  • cervical and lumbar
A

secondary curvature

99
Q
  • ribs 1-7

- directly articulate with the sternum by way of the costal cartilages

A

true ribs

100
Q
  • ribs 8-10

- articulate with the costal cartilage for rib pair 7

A

false ribs

101
Q
  • rib pairs 11-12

- do not articulate with the sternum or costal cartilage

A

floating ribs

102
Q

what are the parts of ribs?

A
  • head
  • neck
  • tubercle
  • body
  • costal groove
103
Q
  • bumpy end of the rib

- joins with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae

A

head of rib

104
Q

just lateral and adjacent to the head

A

neck of rib

105
Q
  • lateral and distal to the neck of the neck of the rib

- small bump on the posterior side

A

tubercle of rib

106
Q

-majority of the rib bone

A

body of rib

107
Q
  • long groove that extends down the length of the medial side of the body of the rib
  • on inferior side
A

costal groove of rib

108
Q

serves as the anterior attachment for ribs through costal cartilages

A

sternum

109
Q

what are the parts of the sternum?

A
  • manubrium
  • jugular notch
  • body
  • xiphoid process
110
Q
  • most superior part of sternum

- square shaped

A

manubrium of sternum

111
Q
  • small dip on the superior end of the manubrium along the midline
  • between collar bones
A

jugular notch of the manubrium of the sternum

112
Q
  • in the middle of the sternum
  • largest part
  • attachment for costal cartilages and ribs
A

body of sternum

113
Q
  • smallest part of sternum
  • triangular
  • on inferior end
A

xiphoid process of sternum

114
Q
  • floating bone
  • only bone in the body that doesnt join with another bone
  • inferior to mandible
  • at the top of our neck
A

hyoid

115
Q

what are the parts of the hyoid?

A
  • lesser horns

- greater horns

116
Q
  • bony protrusions located more anteriorly

- inside the curve of the bone

A

lesser horns of hyoid bone

117
Q

-located more posteriorly at each end of the curve

A

greater horns of the hyoid bone

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