Abbreviations Flashcards
ILC
Innate lymphoid cells
Innate immune system
Induce resistance to pathogens Regulation of autoimmune inflammation Metabolic homeostasis Tissue remodeling Play important roles in barrier tissue such as skin, lungs, and intestine
AMP
antimicrobial peptides
Part of innate immune response
Broad spectrum antibiotics which have potential as therapeutic agents
Kill gram negative and positive bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi, cancerous cells
Function as immunomodulators
APC
Antigen presenting cells
Heterogenous group of immune cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens for recognition by certain lymphocytes such as T cells
Classical APCs include dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells
NK cells
Natural killer cells
Type of lymphocyte
Part of innate immune system
Play major role in host rejection of tumors and virally infected cells
They are cytotoxic; have granules in their cytoplasm which have perforin and proteases
Are activated in response to interferons or macrophage derived cytokines
MALT
Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
Diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in GI tract, thyroid, breast, lung, mouth, eye, skin
Populated by T cells and B cells and plasma cells and macrophages
Regulates mucosal immunity
DC
Dendritic cells
Antigen presenting cells
Process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells
Act as messengers between the innate and adaptive immune systems
Ig
Immunoglobulin
Antibodies made by plasma cells
Specifically recognize and bing to certain antigens, aiding in their destruction
TCR
T cell receptors
A molecule found in the surface of T cells
Recognize fragments of antigen as peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules
Adaptive immune response
BCR
B cell receptors
Receptor protein on surface of B cells
Has membrane bound antibody that has an antigen binding site
When it encounters antigen, the B cell proliferates and differentiates to generate a population of antigen secreting plasma B cells and memory B cells
Functions in signal transduction
Mediates internalization for subsequent processing of the antigen and presentation of peptides to helper T cells
PAMPs
Pathogen associated molecular pattern
Molecules associated with groups of pathogens
Recognized by cells of the innate immune system small molecular motifs conserved within a class of microbes
PRRs
Pattern recognition receptors
Play a key role in innate immune response by recognizing conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are unique to each pathogen
MHC
Major histocompatibility complex
Set of cell surface proteins essential for the adaptive immune system to recognize foreign molecules
Binds antigens derived from pathogens and display them on the cell surface for recognition by T cells
Mediate interactions of leukocytes with other cells
Fab
Fragments of antigen binding
Region on an antibody that binds to antigens
Composed of one constant and one variable domain of each of the heavy and the light chain
Fc
Crystallizable fragment
The tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called Fc receptors and some proteins of the complement system
Allows antibodies to activate the immune system
TLR
Toll like receptor
Class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system
Receptors usually expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells
Recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes (PAMPs) or danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
ROS
Reactive oxygen species
Chemically reactive species containing oxygen
Component of the killing response of immune cells to microbial invasion
Produced in part by phagocytic cells
