Anatomy Introduction Flashcards
What are functional systems?
Specific functions are associated with specific pathways connecting specific structures at specific locations (regions)
What is Regional neuroanatomy?
The name and location of structures at macro- and microscopic resolution
What is Cellular neuroanatomy?
The types and microstructure of the cells that make up the nervous system
Understanding transmission
What is Functional neuroanatomy?
The pathways that deliver coherent functions of the nervous system
Vision and balance
Describe the CNS pathway
Brain - Brainstem - Spinal cord
What do peripheral and cranial nerves feed to?
Sensory receptors
Muscle
Exocrine glands
What is the pathway ganglia to ganglia?
Ganglia - Dorsal roots - Ventral roots - ganglia
What does spinal nerves send information to?
Dorsal and ventral roots
What links the CNS with the PNS?
Cranial nerves
Dorsal and ventral roots
What are the periphery inputs to the CNS?
Sensory receptors
What are the outputs from the CNS
Muscle
Exocrine glands
What are the key systems in functional neuroanatomy?
Sensory
Motor
Higher functional
Describe sensory systems
=Sensation of: pain, temperature, proprioception, and touch (somatic sensation)
=Vision and hearing (special senses)
Describe motor systems
=Reflexes
=Voluntary movement
-The basal ganglia – tone & posture, ‘motor routines’
-The cerebellum – coordinated movement
Describe Higher functional systems
=Consciousness
=Emotion
=Cognition
What pathways are in sensory systems?
=Dorsal Column Pathway
=Spinothalamic pathway
What is the Dorsal Column Pathway involved in?
=Proprioception (sense of self-movement and body position)
=Vibration
=Fine touch
What is the Spinothalamic pathway involved in?
=Pain
=Temperature
Describe the Dorsal Column Pathway
=Proprioceptors/ mechanoreceptors
-First-order neuron (afferent) in spinal cord
=Decussation of medial lemniscus in medulla oblongata
=Dorsal column nuclei in M.O.
-Second-order neuron
=Thalamus
-Third-order neuron
=Primary somatosensory cortex
Back of the Spinal cord processing conscious awareness
Describe Spinothalamic Pathway
=Nociceptors/ thermoreceptors -First-order neuron (afferent) =Anterolateral quadrant then Lissauer's tract in spinal cord -Second-order neuron through medulla oblongata =Thalamus -Third-order neuron =Primary somatosensory cortex Front and side and laterally spinal cord
Describe the tendon stretch reflex
-Hammer to knee so patellar tendon transmits stretch into quadriceps muscle so stretch receptors activated
=Afferent neuron from intrafusal muscle fibre in quadriceps so contract
=Alpha motor neurones in lumbar cord (synapses with inhibitory interneuron to inhibit knee flexor muscles) relax
