Anatomy in Obs and Gynae Flashcards
3 roles of vagina
Sexual intercourse
Childbirth
Menstruation
What is anterior to the vagina?
Bladder
Urethra
What is posterior to the vagina?
Rectouterine pouch
Rectum
Anal canal
What is lateral to the vagina?
Ureters
Levator ani mm
What is the posterior fornix the natural reservoir for?
Semen
What is the outer layer of cells in the vagina?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the role of the stratified squamous ep in the vagina?
Protection
What comprises the fibromuscular layer of the vagina
2 layers smooth mm - inner circular + outer longitudinal `
Arterial supply to vagina
Uterine + vaginal aa
Where do the arteries of the vagina originate?
Internal iliac aa
Where does venous return from the vagina occur
Vaginal venous plexus
Where does the venous supply from the vagina drain?
INto the internal iliac vv
Lymphatic drainage of the vagina; superior, middle and inferior
Sup: Ext iliac nodes
Mid: Int iliac nodes
Inf: superficial inguinal LN
What are the 2 regions of the cervix?
Ectocervix
Endocervix
Cell type in ectocervix
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
What is the external os?
Transition from ectocervix –> endocervical canal
Cell type in endocervical canal
Mucus secreting simple columnar ep
What is the internal os?
Where the canal ends + uterine cavity begins
Functions cervix (2)
Passage of sperm into uterus
Maintains sterility of upper reproductive tract
What are the 3 parts of the uterus?
Fundus
Body
Cervix
What is meant by anteverted + anteflexed in relation to the uterus?
Anteverted - rotated forward, towards ant surface of the bdy
Anteflexed - flexed, towards ant surface of body
What is posterior to the uterus?
Rectum
What is antero inferior to the uterus?
Bladder
What are the 2 functions of the fallopian tube?
Inner mucosa + cilia waft ovum towards uterus + supply with nutrients
SM layer contracts to transport ova + sperm
What are the 4 regions of the fallopian tubes
Fimbriae
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Which is the widest region of the fallopian tubes
Ampulla
Where is the fallopian tubes does fertilisation take place?
Ampulla
Aa and vv supply to fallopian tubes?
Uterine + ovarian aa + vv
Innervation of the fallopaian tubes
Uterine and ovarian plexuses
Which surface of the broad ligament are the ovaries attached to?
Posterior surface
What are the 3 main functions of the ovaries?
Produce oocytes
Produce oestrogen + progesterone
3 components of ovaries
Surface
Outer cortex
Inner medulla
What structures is the broad ligament associated with?
Uterus
Ovaries
What structures is the uterine ligament associated with
Uterus
What structures is the ovarian ligament associated with?
Ovaries
What is the perineum?
The anatomical region of the pelvis, between the thighs
What separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum?
Pelvic floor
Anterior border perineum
PS
Posterior border perineum
Tip of coccyx
Lateral border perineum
Inf pubic rami + inf ischial rami
Roof of perineum
Pelvic floor
Base perineum
Skin + fascia
Neurovascular supply to perineum
Pudental nn (S2-4) Internal pudendal aa
What are the 2 significant hiatuses in the pelvic floor?
Urogenital hiatus for urethra
Rectal hiatus for anal canal
3 functions of the pelvic floor
Support abdominopelvic viscera
Resistance to increases in IAP
Urinary + faecal continence
