Anatomy & Hemodynamics Flashcards
Which valve is the most anterior?
Pulmonary valve
Which valve separates the areas of greatest pressure differences?
Mitral valve
Where does the LAD lie?
In the anterior interventricular groove or sulcus
Why does the mitral valve have 2 leaflets?
2 cusps for high pressure
What is the first standard view on TTE?
Parasternal window long axis view (LAX)
Which aortic leaflet is the superior one in the parasternal long axis view?
Right leaflet (RCC). The posterior leaflet is the noncoronary.
From the left parasternal window in which of the following are you most likely to get accurate velocity measurements?
Pulmonary artery
What is the 2nd standard view in TTE?
RVIT inflow tract
Name the tricuspid leaflets seen in RVIT?
Posterior and anterior (L to R)
RVIT is only view to what?
RVIT is only standard view in which you see the posterior TV leaflet. If still seeing LV might be septal leaf.
Red inflow in the RA on RVIT view would be?
IVC
3rd standard view in TTE?
Parasternal short axis (SAX) apex, pap, mv, av levels
Where is the LAA on TTE?
Sometimes in the parasternal SAX AoV level. Better seen in apical 2CH
What is always on the noncoronary cusps side?
Intra-atrial septum (IAS)
The coronary arteries come off the?
Sinuses of valsalva (if not an answer coronary sinuses would be correct)
Coronaries come of where ?
They come off above the AoV
During which phase do the coronaries fill?
Early diastole (fill throughout diastole but fill most in early)
What is the Ao sinotubular junction?
Transition between the sinuses of valsalva and the tubular portion of the ascending aorta
What is the Ao sinuses?
The maximal diameter in the sinuses of valsalva
How many wall segments?
17
What is the structure under the aortic arch?
Right pulmonary artery
Name the vessels coming off the aortic arch and most proximal or distal?
Innominate (prox) left carotid and left subclavian (distal)
What is aortic coarctation?
The shrinking “rubber band” of the prox descending aorta
Where do most aortic coarctation occur?
After the take off of the left subclavian artery, or within the aortic isthmus
What cardiac pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves?
Coarctation of the aorta
Where is the 2nd region to be scanned in standard TTE?
Apical
What is the 4th standard view in TTE?
Apical 4CH
Where are the pulmonary veins located? Which ones are seen in the apical 4CH view?
R and L upper (superior) pulmonary veins
Which other view would give you the same information as the PLAX?
Apical Long axis(3)
Which standard 2D TTE view typically allows viewing of the LAA?
Apical 2 CH
In apical 2 CH view, the LAA is on what side of heart?
Anterior