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Exam 1/2 Anatomy and Physiology > Anatomy - Circulatory System > Flashcards

Anatomy - Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

______ _________ are the only component of plasma that cannot pass through the capillary membrane to reach the cells.

A

Plasma proteins

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2
Q

What are the three formed elements of blood?

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

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3
Q

The main component of erythrocytes is _____, which gives blood its color.

A

Hemoglobin

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4
Q

What is the most numerous formed element of blood?

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

_____ are clear white blood cells that do not contain hemoglobin.

A

Leukocytes

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6
Q

Which type of lymphocytes respond to the presence of foreign substances that produce antibodies.

A

B

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7
Q

Which type of lymphocytes destroy foreign substances directly?

A

T

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8
Q

Many middle-aged people now regularly take ______ to reduce the risk of coronary clots that lead to myocardial infarction.

A

Aspirin

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9
Q

______ helps maintain the water balance between blood and tissues and regulate blood volume.

A

Albumin

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10
Q

The ______ is the blunt rounded point of the heart.

A

Apex

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11
Q

The _____ is the larger flat portion at the opposite end of the apex of the heart.

A

Base

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12
Q

Diastole is the _____ phase of the heart.

A

Relaxation

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13
Q

Systole is the ____ phase of the heart.

A

Contraction

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14
Q

The ______ carry blood from the body to the right atrium.

A

Superior and inferior vena cavae

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15
Q

The ______ carries blood from the walls of the heart to the right atrium.

A

Coronary sinus

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16
Q

The _____ carries blood from the left ventricle to the body.

A

Aorta

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17
Q

The right and left coronary arteries exit the _____ and supply the heart muscle with oxygen nutrients.

A

Aorta

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18
Q

The _______ valves allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles.

A

Atrioventricular

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19
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

A

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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20
Q

Where is the bicuspid valve located?

A

Between left atrium and left ventricle

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21
Q

The ____ valves meet in the center of the artery to block blood flow.

A

Semilunar

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22
Q

What are the steps of the pulmonary circuit?

A

Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary truck, right and left pulmonary arteries, lung capillaries, pulmonary veins, left atrium

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23
Q

The ____ atrium contracts to fill the ventricles.

A

Left

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24
Q

What are the three layers of the blood vessel?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

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25
Q

An _____ is a thin, weakened area of the wall of an artery or vein that bulges outward, forming a balloon-like sac.

A

Aneurysm

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26
Q

Conducting arteries are ____ elastic arteries.

A

Large

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27
Q

Distributing arteries are ____ arteries.

A

Small to medium

28
Q

The ______ _____ circulation detours venous blood from the organs of the gastrointestinal system and spleen through the liver before it returns to the heart.

A

Hepatic portal

29
Q

Atrial fibrillation decreases blood flow by ___.

A

20%

30
Q

Left side of the heart pumps to the ___.

A

Body

31
Q

Right side of the heart pumps to the _____.

A

Lungs

32
Q

The bicuspid is located on the ___ side of the heart.

A

Left

33
Q

The tricuspid is located on the ____ side of the heart.

A

Right

34
Q

____ are vessels that leave the heart.

A

Arteries

35
Q

____ are vessels that come to the heart.

A

Veins

36
Q

_____ valves leave the ventricles of the heart.

A

Semilunar

37
Q

The pulmonic valve is found leaving the ____ ventricle.

A

Right

38
Q

Systemic loop starts when it leaves the ____ side of the heart

A

Left

39
Q

What is the outermost layer of the heart?

A

Epicardium

40
Q

The innermost layer of the heart is the?

A

Endocardium

41
Q

Left sided heart failure backs up into the _____.

A

Lungs

42
Q

Right sided heart failure backs up Into the ___.

A

Body

43
Q

Main sign of left sided heart failure is?

A

Fluid in lungs

44
Q

_____ is the most common cause of left sided heart failure.

A

MI

45
Q

____ is the most common cause of right sided heart failure.

A

Left sided heart failure

46
Q

An _____ occurs at “dead ends” of hands and feet.

A

AV Shunt

47
Q

_____ are the only vessels that ooze and leak.

A

Capillaries

48
Q

What is the only vessel that is under neutral pressure?

A

Capillaries

49
Q

Capillary sphincters open completely with the presence of increased ____.

A

Co2

50
Q

What are the steps of blood flow from artery to vein?

A

Artery, arteriolar, capillaries, veinuole, vein

51
Q

____% of blood is plasma.

A

55

52
Q

_____% of blood is red blood cells.

A

44

53
Q

____% of blood is white blood cells.

A

1

54
Q

The _____ artery supplies blood to the posterior portion of the heart.

A

Circumflex

55
Q

The coronary arteries are fed via the relaxation (diastolic) phase of the?

A

Left ventricle

56
Q

The heart is located?

A

Mediastinum

57
Q

____ of the heart lies left of the midline of sternum.

A

2/3

58
Q

What are the two types of cells in the heart?

A

Electrical

Mechanical

59
Q

What is the pathway of an electrical current in the nodes of the heart?

A

SA, AV, Bundle of his, Bundle branches, Purkinje Fibers

60
Q

The ____ is the normal pacemaker of the heart.

A

SA

61
Q

The _____ node of the heart acts as the “stopsign” for electrical current to allow mechanical cells in Atrium to contract.

A

AV

62
Q

The intrinsic rate of the SA node of the heart is?

A

60-100

63
Q

The intrinsic rate of the AV node of the heart is?

A

40-60

64
Q

The intrinsic rate of the Purkinje fibers of the heart is?

A

20-40

65
Q

_____ is the amount of force exerted against walls of arteries.

A

Blood pressure

Exam 1/2 Anatomy and Physiology (18 decks)

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