Anatomy - Circulatory System Flashcards
______ _________ are the only component of plasma that cannot pass through the capillary membrane to reach the cells.
Plasma proteins
What are the three formed elements of blood?
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
The main component of erythrocytes is _____, which gives blood its color.
Hemoglobin
What is the most numerous formed element of blood?
Erythrocytes
_____ are clear white blood cells that do not contain hemoglobin.
Leukocytes
Which type of lymphocytes respond to the presence of foreign substances that produce antibodies.
B
Which type of lymphocytes destroy foreign substances directly?
T
Many middle-aged people now regularly take ______ to reduce the risk of coronary clots that lead to myocardial infarction.
Aspirin
______ helps maintain the water balance between blood and tissues and regulate blood volume.
Albumin
The ______ is the blunt rounded point of the heart.
Apex
The _____ is the larger flat portion at the opposite end of the apex of the heart.
Base
Diastole is the _____ phase of the heart.
Relaxation
Systole is the ____ phase of the heart.
Contraction
The ______ carry blood from the body to the right atrium.
Superior and inferior vena cavae
The ______ carries blood from the walls of the heart to the right atrium.
Coronary sinus
The _____ carries blood from the left ventricle to the body.
Aorta
The right and left coronary arteries exit the _____ and supply the heart muscle with oxygen nutrients.
Aorta
The _______ valves allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles.
Atrioventricular
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Where is the bicuspid valve located?
Between left atrium and left ventricle
The ____ valves meet in the center of the artery to block blood flow.
Semilunar
What are the steps of the pulmonary circuit?
Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary truck, right and left pulmonary arteries, lung capillaries, pulmonary veins, left atrium
The ____ atrium contracts to fill the ventricles.
Left
What are the three layers of the blood vessel?
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia
An _____ is a thin, weakened area of the wall of an artery or vein that bulges outward, forming a balloon-like sac.
Aneurysm
Conducting arteries are ____ elastic arteries.
Large
Distributing arteries are ____ arteries.
Small to medium
The ______ _____ circulation detours venous blood from the organs of the gastrointestinal system and spleen through the liver before it returns to the heart.
Hepatic portal
Atrial fibrillation decreases blood flow by ___.
20%
Left side of the heart pumps to the ___.
Body
Right side of the heart pumps to the _____.
Lungs
The bicuspid is located on the ___ side of the heart.
Left
The tricuspid is located on the ____ side of the heart.
Right
____ are vessels that leave the heart.
Arteries
____ are vessels that come to the heart.
Veins
_____ valves leave the ventricles of the heart.
Semilunar
The pulmonic valve is found leaving the ____ ventricle.
Right
Systemic loop starts when it leaves the ____ side of the heart
Left
What is the outermost layer of the heart?
Epicardium
The innermost layer of the heart is the?
Endocardium
Left sided heart failure backs up into the _____.
Lungs
Right sided heart failure backs up Into the ___.
Body
Main sign of left sided heart failure is?
Fluid in lungs
_____ is the most common cause of left sided heart failure.
MI
____ is the most common cause of right sided heart failure.
Left sided heart failure
An _____ occurs at “dead ends” of hands and feet.
AV Shunt
_____ are the only vessels that ooze and leak.
Capillaries
What is the only vessel that is under neutral pressure?
Capillaries
Capillary sphincters open completely with the presence of increased ____.
Co2
What are the steps of blood flow from artery to vein?
Artery, arteriolar, capillaries, veinuole, vein
____% of blood is plasma.
55
_____% of blood is red blood cells.
44
____% of blood is white blood cells.
1
The _____ artery supplies blood to the posterior portion of the heart.
Circumflex
The coronary arteries are fed via the relaxation (diastolic) phase of the?
Left ventricle
The heart is located?
Mediastinum
____ of the heart lies left of the midline of sternum.
2/3
What are the two types of cells in the heart?
Electrical
Mechanical
What is the pathway of an electrical current in the nodes of the heart?
SA, AV, Bundle of his, Bundle branches, Purkinje Fibers
The ____ is the normal pacemaker of the heart.
SA
The _____ node of the heart acts as the “stopsign” for electrical current to allow mechanical cells in Atrium to contract.
AV
The intrinsic rate of the SA node of the heart is?
60-100
The intrinsic rate of the AV node of the heart is?
40-60
The intrinsic rate of the Purkinje fibers of the heart is?
20-40
_____ is the amount of force exerted against walls of arteries.
Blood pressure
