Anatomy and Physiology Test 3 Flashcards
How Many Cervical Vertebra are there
C1 - C7
7 Total
How many Thoracic Vertebra are there
T1 - T12
12 Total
How many Lumbar Vertebra are there
L1 - L5
5 Total
True Rib
Attatches to the sternum
False Rib
Doesn’t attatch to the sternum
Os Coxae
Illium Ishium Pubis
How many Carples are there?
8
Finger Bones
Phalanges
Where is spongy bone found?
Ends of bone and around the medularry cavity
Where is compact bone found?
Outside bone collar
Ulna is ______ to the radius
medial
The fibula is _____ to the tibia
Lateral
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Joints
Where is elastic cartilage found?
Ear
Where is fibrous cartilage found?
Disk of spine
Meniscus of knees
How many bones are there in the vertebral column?
24
Do disks slip?
No
What does your grandma get shorter?
disks are like spongies and over time they get dehydrated and shrink
Process of blood formation
hemoatoposis
What is unique about the platella?
its the only sesamoid bone (imeded in a tendon)
Why do our spines have curves?
shock absorption
How many curves do we have in our spine?
3
What is the main function of intervertebral disks?
shock absorption
What is the structural unit of spongy bone?
trabeculae
What is the structural unit of compact bone?
Osteon
Wolffs law?
bone will devlop based on the demands placed on it
What is osteoporosis?
breakdown of bone when bone breakdown is faster than replacment
What causes osteoporosis?
Petite stature poor diet low calcium sedentary soda lack of sex hormones
Diarthrosis
freely movable joint
amphiarthrosis
slightly moveable joint
synarthrosis
little to no motion in the joint
Bones are an organ because
they containt several diffrent types of tissue: Osseous Nervous Muscle Epitheliel
Disphysis
Shaft of compact bone surrounding the medullary cavity
Epiphysis
broader bone ends with a thin layer of articular carilage covering the joint surface
Epiphyseal plate
dis of hyaline cartilage that drows to lengthen bone.
“growth plate”
Metaphysis
Flared portion where diaphysis and epiphysis
periosteum
covers external surface of entire bones except the hoint surgace. Fiberous layer of connective tissue richly supplied with nerve fibers and blood vessels
Endosteum
Coverns internal bone surfaces
Red Marrow
hemapoietic tissue (makes red blood cells)
Sternum and illium are richly supplied with red marrow.
Flexion
Bending Movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together.
Extension
Increases the angle of the joint (straightening)
Flexion antigonistic movement
Extension
Abduction
movement of a limb AWAY from the midline
Adduction
movement of a limb TOWARD the midline
“adding it to my body”
Abduction antagonistic movement
adduction
Elevation
raises a bone vertically
Depression
lowering a bone
Eleveation anatagonist movement
Depression
Protraction
Moving a bone FORWARD on the horozontal plane
Retraction
Moving bone posterior
Protraction antagonistic movement
Retraction
Laterial Excursion
Side to Side Movement
Midline ——–> Out
Medial Excursion
Side to Side Movement
Out ——-> Midline
Laterial Excursion antagonistic movement
Medial Excursion
Circumduction
Movement in which one end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the other end makes a circular motion.
Rotation
movement in which a bone turns on its long axis (the humerous and femur)
Supination
Palm Up
“what SUP”
Pronation
Palm Down
Supination antagonistic movement
Pronation
Inversion
soles of feet are turned inward
Eversion
soles of feet are turned outward
Inversion antagonistic movement
eversion
dorsiflexion
raising the toes (via the entire foot/ankle)
Plantarflexion
pointing the toes
Dorsiflexion antagonistic movement
plantaflexion
Osteon
Structural unit of compact bone
Tiny weight bearing pillars
Haversian Canal
contain small blood vessels and nerves that serve the osteon
Volkmans Canal
contain large blood vessels and nerves
lie at right angles to the axis of bone
connection between periasteum and medullary cavity
Lacunae
little spaces that house osteocytes
lamella
hollow tubes of bone matrix like growth rings of a tree trunk
collagen fibers running diffrent directions to allow the bone to withstand forsion
“Twister Resisters”
Cranial Bones
Do MOVE
Elbow
Olocornon Process
Fibrous Joints
No joint Cavity
Bound by connective Tissue
Little to no movement
3 types of Fibrous Joints
- Sutures found in sull
- Gomphoses found in mouth to hold teeth
- syndesmases two bones bound by ligament only (radius and ulna/ Tiba and Fibula)
Cartilaginous Joints
two bones bound together by cartilage
allows slight movement
connective tissue usually forms thick pad between bones
compression and stretching of thich pad allows small amount of movement
2 types of Cartilaginous Joints
- Synchondrosis Joined by hyline cartilage (ribs and sternum)
- Symphesis: bones joined by finbrous cartilage )pubis symphysis)
Synovial Joint
Two bones seperated by a membrane lines space that contains a slippery lubcricant called synovial fluid between the ends of articulating bones
4 Types of Synovial Joints
- Hinge Joints: elbow, knee, between phalanges
- Pivot Joints: C1, C2, head, between radius and ulna
- Ellipsoid: wrist palm
- Saddle: Thumb
Ball and Socket Joint
shoulder and hip
Axial Bones
skull, vertebra, sternum, ribes, hyoid bones
Appendicular Bones
pectoral and pelvic girdls, arms, forearms, wrists, hands, thighs, legs and feet
short bones
carpal and tarsal bones
roughly cube shaped
Long Bones
clearly longer in one axis than in another
characterized by a medullary cavity, diaphysis, and at lease two epiphyses
femor, humerous, phallanges, radius, ulna, etc
Irregular Bones
have two or more diffrent shapes
bones that are not spexifically long or short
Os Coxea, vertebra
Flat Bones
generally more flat than round
cranial bones, scapulae, ribs
Sesamoid Bones
Bones devloped in Tendons
Patellar Tendon
