A & P Test 2 Flashcards
Lysosome
intracellular digestion
Ribosome
protein synthesis
Rough ER
encloses proteins in vesicles for transport to Golgi Apparatus
Smooth ER
Site of lipid and steriod synthesis lipid metabolism and drug detoxification
Golgi Apparatus
modifies, concentrates, packages proteins for secreation from cell
Peroxisomes
Enzymes detoxify harmful substances
Mitochondria
Produces ATP
Cilia
Move substances across cell
Flagella
Large Tail like projection that propels the cell
only in human sperm cell
Nucleus
Control center of cell genetic information
Microvilli
increase surface area of plasma membrane for absorption
Chromatin
DNA consitutes genes and proteins
Main Structures of the Cell
- Plasma Membran
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
4 Facts about cell membran
- Phospholipid bylayer
- inside in and outside out
- glykokalyic - cell marker for cells to recognize each outher
- receptor sites
Cytoplasm
jello salad like substance between the plasma membran and nucleus where cellular activites take place
Gap junctions
communication between adhecent electrically excitable cells like the heart
Tight junctions
impermeable junction that circles the cell inside in and outside out like the digective tract
diffusion
high concentration -> low concentration
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through selectivley permeable membrane
Active Transport
requires energy (atp)
Cell Cycle
the series of changes a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it reproduces
Cell
smallest unit of life by itself
Which organelle contains our genetic material?
Nucleus
4 Organic compounds
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- nucleic acid
What is the diffrence between organic and organic compounds?
Organic is living and contains carbon
Inorganic is dead and contains no carbon
Carbohydrates Function
cellular fuel
Proteins Function
basic structural material of body
Lipids Function
fats source of stored energy - phospholipid bylayer
Transcription
syntesis of mRNA using bas sequence of DNA
Occurs in the Nucleus
Translation
Synthesis of Protein using codon sequence of mRNA to direct the amino acid sequence of protein.
Ribosome
2 Important Things DNA is responsable for?
- Protein Syntheisis
2. Our Genetic Code
What is our Genetic Code?
The sequence of amino acids in a protein determined by sequence of nucleotides in DNA.
Where is DNA found?
Nucleus
What is DNA associated with?
genes
deoxyribos
5 carbon sugars of DNA
Base Pairs of DNA
adamine>Thymine
Guanine>Cytosine
What does DNA function with?
Molecular Inheritence
Where is RNA found?
Cytoplasm & nucleus
What is RNA assosiated with?
Combines with proteins ain ribosomes as mRNA and tNA
ribos
5 carbon sugars of RNA
Base pairs of RNA
Adenine-Uracil
Guanine - Cytosine
RNA function
protein synthesis
What does mRNA do?
nuclear DNA instrucions into the cytoplasm via transcription
what does tRNA do?
carries amino acid to ribosome for protein syntheisis
What is a protein made of?
amino acid
what is a codon?
3 base sequence of RNA (code for amino acid)
Nuclear Pore
the Door to the nucleus where everything goes in and out.
DNA structural form in the nucleus. Why?
Double Helix - so it can fit
The chemical linkage of amino acids to form a protein according to the message in the DNA molecule takes place where?
Ribosome
What happens to the mRNA molecule after its done its job?
it is broken up an recycled
3 things required for protein synthesis to take place?
- Gene from DNA
- RNA (mRNA, tRNA)
- Amino Acids
Semiconservative Replication
End result of DNA replication is 2 DNA molecules each consisting of 1 new and 1 old strand.
3 Subatomic Particles
Proton, neturon, electron
3 Types of Chemical Bonds
Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen
