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Anatomy and Physiology > A & P Muscle Test > Flashcards

A & P Muscle Test Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Smooth
Skeletel
Cardiac

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2
Q

Fiver Charchteristics of Muscle Tissue

A
  1. Excitability
  2. Conductivity
  3. Contractility
  4. Extensibility
  5. Elasticity
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3
Q

Excitability

A

The ability to revieve and respond to a stimulus.

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4
Q

Stimulus

A

Change in environment, neuro transmitter, hormone, or a local change in PH

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5
Q

Neuro transmitter

A

chemical released by nerve cell

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6
Q

Response

A

the generation and conduction of an action potential along muscle cell membrane (nerve impulse)

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7
Q

Action Potential

A

Electrical Impulse

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8
Q

Conductivity

A

Ability to transmit action potential

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9
Q

Contractillity

A

Ability to shorten (contract)

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10
Q

Extensibility

A

Ability to stretch

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11
Q

Elasticity

A

ability to stretch and return to originial size

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12
Q

Function of Muscle

A
  1. Movement
  2. Stability
  3. Communication
  4. Control of Body Openings and Passages
  5. Heat Production
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13
Q

Movement

What does Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth muscle contribute to movement?

A

All Movement is from muscle contractions

Skeletal muscles allow for manipulation and locomotion

Cardiac and Smooth muscle are responsibile for movement of blood through circulatory system.

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14
Q

Stability

A

Posture and Body Position- muscle fiber groups alternate contractions to maintain posture.

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15
Q

When is heat produced by muscles?

A

When muscles contract.

Muscles shiver to produce heat due to cold body.

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16
Q

Skeletel Muscle Characteristics

A
  1. Voluntary 0 needs conscious control by owner and stimulation by nerve impulse
  2. Longest Cells that have bands called striations.
  3. Contract rapidily and vigorsouly but tire easily and require rest.

Overall body mobility

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17
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Only in the heart and large blood vessels where they connect to the heart (Aorta and Vena Cava)

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18
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds Muscle Figer

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19
Q

Perymisum

A

Surrounds the fasivuli (group of fibers)

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20
Q

Epimysium

A

Surounds the whole muscle

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21
Q

Tendon

A

Attatches muscle to bone

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22
Q

Ligament

A

attatches bone to bone

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23
Q

Aponeurosis

A

attatches muscle to muscle

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24
Q

Orgin

A

Attatched at stationary end

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25
Q

belly

A

thicker middle region

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26
Q

insertion

A

attatchment at more mobile end

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27
Q

What is meant by “Contraction”

A

Excitation

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28
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma Membrane

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29
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm

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30
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A

Smooth ER of muscle

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31
Q

Myofibrils

A

Thread like structures that make up each fiber (muscle cell)

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32
Q

Myofilimants

A

Thick- Made of myosin

Thin- made of Actin (ACT THIN)

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33
Q

Each muscle fiber is ___ Cell

A

ONE

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34
Q

Two Contractile Proteins

A

Myosin and Actin

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35
Q

Two Regulatory Proteins

A

Troponin and Tropomyosin

36
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

Smallest functional unit of a muscle cell

37
Q

A band

A

Thick filimants laying side by side

Myosin

38
Q

I band

A

Short Thin light colored band

Actin

Does not reach into theh Z-disk

39
Q

Z bands

A

connected to the sarcolemma by the cytoskeleton

Z lines = boundries of sarcomere

40
Q

Length of a sarcomere

A

1 Zband to the next

41
Q

What causes a muscle to relax?

A

Calcium ion is returned to sarcoplasmic retixulum and sarcomere relaxes

42
Q

Energy Source for Muscle Contraction

A

ATP

glucose can be broken down via chemical reactions and formed into ATP for use.

43
Q

Aerobic Respiration yields ___ ATP

A

38 ATP but 2 are needed for start up

44
Q

Aerobic Respiration uses ___

45
Q

Aerobic Respiration Creates

A

Large amounts of ATP, H20, and CO2

46
Q

Anerobic Respiration yield ____ ATP

A

4 but 2 are required for start up

47
Q

Anerobic Respiration

A

once muscles have been contractiong vigerously for a long time and there is a deficency of O2 results and aerobic pathway can no longer produce enough ATP for muscle use

48
Q

Creatine Phosphate

A

Stored in muscle tissue in large amounts,
Resynthasizes ADP into ATP
CP reserves quickly depleted but restored during rest

49
Q

Muscle Fatigue Causes and defination

A

Glycogen in muscle is depleted
Production of ATP can’t keep up with ATPase (ATP DEFICIENCY NOT ABSENCE)

Physiological inability to retract

50
Q

Oxygen Debt

A

Amount of oxygen required to provide restoration to the normal state.

51
Q

What is required for a muscle to return to rest?

A

Oxygen stores must be replenished
Glycogen stores must be replaces
Creatine Pjosphate must be Replenished
Liver Must Reconver Lactic Acid back into Glucose or Glycogen

52
Q

How do you replenish oxygen debt?

A

Via Rapid Deep breathing after strenous activity has ended. Breathing is automatically triggered by the presence of lactic acid in the body.

53
Q

Muscle Twitch

A

Response of a muscle to a stimulus

strong or weak depending on the number of motor units activated

54
Q

Motor Unit

A

single motor neuron from the brain/spinal chord will control a group of muscles

55
Q

All or None Principle

A

Fiber will either contract to its greatest extent or not at all

56
Q

The fewer the number of fibers in a motor unit

A

the finer the control of movement

57
Q

Latent Period

A

Time before stimulus occurs

58
Q

Relaxation lasts until

A

the actual contraction

When Tension is at its highest point

59
Q

Contraction

A

Tension at highest point

60
Q

Isometric Contractions

A

There is a change in the tension of a muscle with no change in length

Tighten Muscle/ pushing against something that is an immovable load

61
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

Change in length of a muscle

62
Q

Deep Gluteal muscle that sciatic nerve travels through

63
Q

Time Line of Rigamortis

A

3-4 hrs after deatch: Muscles begin to tighten

Peaks at 12 hours

Disappates 48-60 hours after death

64
Q

Muscles that get sore after coughing

A

external obliques

external intercostals

65
Q

contraction of smooth muscle in the digestive tract that moves contents through

A

peristalsis

66
Q

Muscle that covers the scalp and can produce tension headache

A

Occipitofrontalis

67
Q

Name of group of muscles that hold arm to trunk and allow you to throw a ball

A

rotator cuff

68
Q

Trying to pick up a suburban

69
Q

not using muscles for a long time causes

70
Q

Scream Queen Muscles

Flex Head to Chest

71
Q

Order of Contraction

A

Treppe
Incomplete Tetnus
Complete Tetnus
Fatigue

72
Q

Superfiscial to Deep Abdominal Muscles

A

Rectus Abdominus
Internal/External Obilques
Transverse Abdominous

73
Q

Trapazoid Muscle on Back

A

Trapezious

74
Q

back muscle that is adductor of upper arm

A

latisimus Dorsi

75
Q

Muscle on front of arm supinates hand

A

Biceps Brachii

76
Q

Muscle on back of arm that extends

A

Triceps Brachii

77
Q

Calf Muscle

A

Gastrocnemis

78
Q

Fleshy Cheek Muscle

79
Q

Muscles for Chewing

A

Masseter, Temporalis

80
Q

Fleshy Butt

A

Gluteus Maximus

81
Q

Flexor Lower Leg

A

Hamstrings

Biceps Femoris

82
Q

Lower Leg Extendors

A

Quadriceps:

Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis

83
Q

Muscle lets you set cross legged

84
Q

Involuntary Muscles

A

Cardiac and Smooth

85
Q

Voluntary Muscles

86
Q

Muscles makes up what of the body?

A

Half of the body mass

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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