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Anatomy and Physiology > A&P Neuro Test > Flashcards

A&P Neuro Test Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

Functional Unit of Neuro System

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2
Q

Neuroglial

A

Support Cells that are special because they can reproduce

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3
Q

Astrocysts

A

star shaped hold neurons close to small blood vessels

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4
Q

microglial phagocytes

A

eat dead neurons and tissue

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5
Q

oligodendrogcia

A

hold cells together

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6
Q

schwann cells

A

produce myelin

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7
Q

myelin

A

fatty substance that allows AP to jump down cells faster

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8
Q

ependymal cells

A

resemble epithelial cells; ciliates move csf across nerve tissues

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9
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory

carry impulses to CNS

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10
Q

Efferent

A

Motor
Carry impulses away from CNS

E = effect

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11
Q

Interneurons

A

connects sensory, motor, found in spinal chord

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12
Q

Synapse

A

functional junction between 2 neurons or a neuron and an effector cell (Muscle or gland)

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13
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

the special synapse from a motor neuron to a muscle cell

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14
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

present in synaptic knob

have natural means of breakdown or removal from synaptic junction

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15
Q

Acetylcholine

A

stimulates skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Acetylcholine is ____ to skeletal muscles

A

excitatory

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17
Q

What breaks down Acetylcholine

A

acetycholineestarase

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18
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Keeps you “Up”

in brain emotion and behavior

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19
Q

Serotonin

A

Happy Transmitter

Sleep and Mood Regulation

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20
Q

Gaba

A

‘braking effect” helps coordinate movements

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21
Q

Encephalins/Endorphins

A

natural euphoric

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22
Q

Heart Sympathetic Response

A

Increase rate and force of contraction

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23
Q

Heart Parasympathetic

A

Decrease rate and force of contraction

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24
Q

Blood Vessels Sympathetic

A

Constriction in organs

dilation in heart/skeletal muscles

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25
Q

Blood Vessels Parasympathetic

A

NONE

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26
Q

Lungs Sympathetic

A

Dilation of bronchials

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27
Q

Lung Parasympathetic

A

constriction of bronchials

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28
Q

Digestive Tract Sympathetic

A

Decrease movement through GI tract Contract Sphincters

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29
Q

Digestive Tract Parasympathetic

A

Increase movement relax sphincters

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30
Q

Urinary Bladder Sympathetic

A

Relaxing

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31
Q

Urinary Bladder Parasympathetic

A

Contraction

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32
Q

Pupil of Eye sympathetic

A

Dilates

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33
Q

Pupil of Eye Parasympathetic

A

constricts to normal size

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34
Q

Sweat glands sympathetic

A

Increase Secretion

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35
Q

Sweat Glands parasympathetic

A

None

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36
Q

Salivary glands sympathetic

A

Increase Secretion

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37
Q

Salivary glands parasympathetic

A

None

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38
Q

Layers of Menengies

A

Outer - Dura Matter
Middle - Arachnoid
Inner- Pia Mater

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39
Q

CSF

A

Clear Watery fluid that resembles blood plasma deriver from coroidplexus.

40
Q

CSF FXN

A

removes waste products of metabolism in CNS

41
Q

CSF Contains

A

water, wbc, sodium, magnesium, glucose, potassium, calcium, etc

42
Q

CSF SHOULD NOT contain

A

bacteria, viruses, RBC, HIGH WBC

43
Q

How many cranial nerve pairs

A

12

44
Q

How many spinal nerve pairs

A

31

45
Q

Spinal nerves are S, M, B

A

ALL MIXED

46
Q

Cervical Plexus location and function

A

neck movement

C1-C4

47
Q

Brachial plexus location and function

A

Arm movement

C5 - T1

48
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

Lower Abdomen, anterior thigh, medial thigh, lower leg, big toe

L1-L4

49
Q

Sacral plexus

A

Lower back, genitals, pelvis, posterior thigh, leg, dorsal and ventral foot

L4-L5 and S1-4

50
Q

Largest Nerve in the Body

A

Sciatic Nerve

51
Q

Thoracic Nerves

A

All single T1 - T12 that run between ribs

52
Q

Interneurons

A

Communicating Neurons AKA associating Neurons

53
Q

Ganglia

A

bunch of nerve cell bodies outside CNS

54
Q

Sodium Potassium pump

A

Requires ATP

55
Q

CSF is found where

A

Ventricles, subarachnoid space, spinal chord

56
Q

I Olfactory

A

Smell

57
Q

II Optic

A

Vision

58
Q

III Ocular Motor

A

Eye Movement

59
Q

IV Trochlear

A

Eye Movement

60
Q

V Trigeminal

A

Facial Sensation and Chewing

61
Q

VI Abducens

A

Eye Movement

62
Q

VII Facial

A

Expression and taste

63
Q

VIII Auditory (Vestibular Cocler)

A

Hearing, balance

64
Q

IX Glassopharengel

A

Sensory tounge, swallow

65
Q

X Vagus

A

Supplies organs in thoracic and abdomen

66
Q

XI Accessory

A

Muscles of back and neck

67
Q

XII Hypoglossal

A

Speech and swallowing

68
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

exposed areas on axons or dendrites that allow AP to jump

its a space in the myelin

69
Q

Medulla

A

Basic functions breathing and heart beat

70
Q

Pons

A

above medulla fatter bridge to cerebellum how signals are sent

71
Q

Midbrain

A

above the pons startle reflex visual and auditory

72
Q

Thalamus

A

where all sensory signals except smell pass through. Pain, touch, temperature. Major processing area

73
Q

Hypothalamus

A

below the thalamus. Temp control, energy water balance, ANS, runs life without conscious control of owner. controls digestion

74
Q

Pituitary

A

hangs below the thalamus. Major functions of endocrine system.

75
Q

Pineal Gland

A

anterior brain, controls biological clock. Deals with anything that is timed., produces melatonin, which controls day night cycles.

76
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest part of the brain. separated into 2 halves and hemispheres. surgace area has bumps called gyri. has groves between bumps called sulci

77
Q

frontal lobe

A

personality

78
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensory intergration descides what to do with incoming signals

79
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Center for vision and hearing

80
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Brocas Area motor and speech

81
Q

Wernickes Area

A

Speech understanding

82
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Connection between Right and Left sides of Brain

83
Q

Cortex

A

means surface of brain. Not covering

84
Q

grey matter

A

cell body highest level of thinking takes place

85
Q

olfactory bulb

A

smell on both sides

86
Q

cerebellum

A

looks like a cauliflower. Deals with balance and coordination.

87
Q

Alpha Waves

A

awake but relaxes

88
Q

Beta Waves

A

awake and alert

89
Q

Theta Waves

A

common in children sometimes concentrating adults

90
Q

Delta Waves

A

deep sleep, anesthesia, brain damage.

91
Q

REM

A

rapid eye movement

Most dreaming occurs here

92
Q

Non Rem 1

A

Relaxation begins alpha

93
Q

Non REM 2

A

deeper, irregular sleep

94
Q

Non REM 3

A

Very deep vitals decline

95
Q

Non REM 4

A

delta, sleep walking, bedwetting.

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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